骨性Ⅲ类患者正畸-正颌治疗后牙槽骨结构改建的锥形束CT测量

Conical beam CT measurement of alveolar bone structure remodeling in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion after orthodontic-orthognathic treatment

背景:正畸-正颌联合治疗骨性Ⅲ类错颌的大多数研究主要关注患者侧貌的改善和后期的恢复情况,而观察患者下前牙牙槽骨改建这一类微观的研究较少。目的:应用口腔X射线侧位片和口腔锥形束CT评价骨性Ⅲ类错颌畸形患者正畸-正颌联合治疗前后的下前牙去代偿疗效及牙槽骨结构改建情况。方法:选择2015年1月至2023年5月在康复大学青岛医院/青岛市市立医院口腔正畸科进行正畸-正颌联合治疗的骨性Ⅲ类错颌畸形患者15例,治疗前后拍摄头颅X射线侧位片测量下前牙在牙槽骨中的角度及线距等指标,锥形束CT测量和分析下前牙唇/舌侧骨开裂长度(d-La/d-Li)以及骨开裂/骨开窗发生情况。结果与结论:①从X射线侧位片来看,与治疗前相比,下前牙去代偿后相应牙槽骨改建量变化明显,牙根明显向牙槽骨中心移动,但较正常个体仍有部分差距;②锥形束CT测量发现几乎所有牙齿治疗后牙槽骨骨开裂/骨开窗的长度和宽度都得到很大的改善,有的牙槽骨改建甚至已经达到了健康人水平;③治疗前大部分患者往往因为牙齿代偿生长而造成下切牙唇/舌侧的骨开窗/骨开裂,而在术前正畸阶段通过去代偿使牙槽骨改建,牙齿角度发生明显变化,术前正畸使上前牙内收,下前牙唇倾控根,但是术前去代偿量往往不足;在正颌手术阶段,颌骨位置通过定位导板切除,上颌骨前移,下颌骨后退;术后正畸过程中精调效果更好,虽然牙齿与颌骨位置均有一定程度的复发趋势,但术后正畸更接近正常值。

BACKGROUND:Most of the studies on combined orthodontic-orthognathic treatment of skeletal class III malocclusions have focused on the improvement of the patient’s lateral appearance and recovery in the later stages of the treatment,while there are fewer studies observing the microcosmic nature of the alveolar bone remodeling of the lower anterior teeth.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of lower anterior tooth decompensation and alveolar bone remodeling in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion before and after orthodontic-orthognathic treatment based on oral X-ray lateral films and oral cone-beam CT.METHODS:From January 2015 to May 2023,15 patients with skeletal class III malocclusion who underwent orthodontic-orthognathic surgery at Qingdao Hospital of Rehabilitation University were enrolled.All patients underwent lateral cephalography and cone beam computed tomography before and after treatment.Cephalometric measurement items related to the angle and line distance,lip/lingual bone cracking length(d-La/d-Li)and bone cracking/bone fenestration of the lower anterior teeth before and after treatment were measured.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Lateral X-ray films showed that the amount of alveolar bone remodeling after decompensation of the lower anterior teeth showed significant changes compared to before treatment.The root of the tooth moved significantly towards the center of the alveolar bone,and the specific data was closer to normal data,but there were still some differences compared with normal individuals.Based on the cone-beam CT measurement,the bone cracking/bone fenestration length and width of the alveolar bone were improved in almost all the teeth after orthodontic-orthognathic combined treatment,alveolar bone remodeling in some teeth even reached the level of healthy individuals.Before treatment,most patients often experienced bone fenestration/cracking on the lip/lingual side of the lower incisor due to compensatory tooth growth.However,during the preoperative orthodontic stage,decompensation triggered alveolar bone remodeling and significant changes in tooth angle.Preoperative orthodontic treatment caused the upper anterior teeth to retract and the lower anterior teeth to tilt and control the root,but the amount of decompensation before surgery was often insufficient.In the orthognathic surgery stage,the jaw was removed through the positioning guide plate,the maxilla moved forward,and the mandible retreated.During the postoperative orthodontic process,the effect of fine adjustment was better.Although there is a certain degree of recurrence trend in the position of teeth and jawbones,the postoperative orthodontic treatment is closer to the normal value.