高校学生健康素养水平调查及影响因素分析

Survey on Health Literacy Level of College Students and Analysis of Its Influencing Factors

目的 了解高校学生健康素养现状,为提高大学生健康素养水平提供理论依据。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法,于2020年4至2020年5月对辽宁省锦州市所辖区域内的高等院校学生按专业与年级分类进行健康素养调查,收集学生基本信息及分类健康问题的资料,并与本市社会群体进行比较分析,实现高校学生健康素养水平的系统评价。结果 本次调查共发放学生问卷2525份,回收有效率为92.70%。调查发现,锦州地区高校学生总体健康素养水平为18.39%,医学生、非医类本科生和高职/中专生的总体健康素养水平分别为27.13%、17.37%和7.00%。不同层次、性别、年级、专业、和生源地的学生总体健康素养水平呈现出显著性差异,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中,“知-信-行”分类角度具备率由高到低依次为,健康生活方式与行为49.60%、基本技能24.30%、基本知识和理念20.00%。公共卫生导向分类角度具备率由高到低依次为,安全与急救65.80%、科学健康观65.60%、传染病防治46.50%、健康信息33.50%、慢性病防治28.70%、基本医疗9.00%。多因素分析结果显示女生、城市、高年级、临床专业的医学生健康素养水平较高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 医学生具有相对较高的健康素养水平,性别、生源地、年级、层次与专业是大学生健康素养水平的主要影响因素。

Objective To understand the status quo of college students'health literacy and provide theoretical basis for improving the level of college students'health literacy.Methods A stratified,cluster and random sampling method was used to investigate the health literacy level among college students classified by their majors and grades in Jinzhou city,Liaoning Province from April to May 2020.The basic information of students and classified health problems were collected,and the comparative analysis was made with the social groups in the city,so as to realize the systematic evaluation of the health literacy level of college students.Results A total of 2,525 questionnaires were distributed and its recovery rate was 92.70%.The survey found that the overall health literacy level of college students in Jinzhou was 18.39%.Medical students,non-medical undergraduates and vocational/secondary school students were 27.13%,17.37%and 7.00%,respectively.The level of overall health literacy of students at different levels,genders,grades,majors and places of origin was more likely to show significant differences with statistical significance(P<0.05).Among them,the possession rate of“knowledge,faith and action”from high to low was 49.6%(healthy lifestyle and behavior),24.3%(basic skills),and 20%(basic knowledge and ideas),respectively.In order from high to low,the rate of public health-oriented classification was 65.8%(safety and first aid),65.6%(scientific health concept),46.5%(infectious disease prevention and control),33.5%(health information),28.7%(chronic disease prevention and control),and 9%(basic medical care).The results of multi-factor analysis showed that the health literacy level of female students,urban students,senior medical students and clinical students was higher,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Medical students have higher health literacy level.Gender,source,grade,level and major are the main influencing factors for health literacy level of college students.