知识的力量:金融知识与收入阶层向上流动——基于中等收入群体扩容的视角

Power of Knowledge:Financial Literacy and Upward Mobility of Income Bracket——Based on the Perspective of Middle-Income Group Expansion

利用2010—2018年中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS),测算我国中等收入群体规模,考察不同收入阶层间的流动性,并讨论金融知识对低收入阶层向上流动的影响。研究发现:截至2018年,我国中等收入群体占比24.91%,“金字塔型”收入分配结构明显,低收入群体向上流动的速度正在逐年加快;金融知识水平提升能够促进低收入阶层向上流动,有助于实现中等收入群体扩容;金融知识的促进作用主要通过促进家庭参与金融理财增加其财产性收入、促进家庭创业增加其经营性收入两种渠道来实现;金融知识对阶层向上流动的促进效应仅在非风险厌恶以及低初始财富的低收入家庭中显著。

Using the data from the 2010-2018 China Household Tracking Survey(CFPS),this article measured the size of China's middle-income group,investigated the mobility between different income brackets,and discussed the impact of financial literacy on the upward mobility of the low-income bracket.The study found that,as of 2018,the middle-income group accounted for 24.91%in China,and the income distribution structure showed an obvious"pyramid"shape.Meanwhile,the upward mobility of the low-income group has been accelerating year by year.The improvement of financial literacy could promote the upward mobility of the low-income group,which was conductive to the expansion of the middle-income group.There were mainly two channels for the promoting effect of financial literacy,that was,increasing households'property income through promoting the participation of households'financial literacy,and increasing their operation income through encouraging their entrepreneurship.However,this promoting effect was only effective in the low-income families with non-risk aversion and low initial wealth.