基于眼动实验的建筑工人人格特质、视觉信息与危险认知差异的关系研究

Research on the Relationship between Personality Traits,Visual Information and Risk Perception of Construction Workers Based on Eye Movement Experiment

为提高建筑工人的个人危险感知能力、研究个体差异性会导致认知方式的差异,从而保障工人人身安全、预防现场事故发生、实现“因人而异”的安全管理。本文以建筑工人的人格特质为基础,采用眼动实验研究不同人格特质的建筑工人危险感知差异化能力,通过AOI兴趣区的注视点个数、首次注视时间、平均注视时间、总注视时间、眼动注视轨迹、眼动注视热点图统计分析建筑工人观看不同场景的危险感知情况。研究表明,神经质和外倾性明显的工人危险感知的注意力不够集中,感知危险的稳定性较低,宜人性明显的工人对危险的感知倾向于人的不安全状态,开放性明显的工人危险感知倾向于刺激性的事物,而严谨性明显的工人对危险的判断最为谨慎和深入,危险感知能力较强,感知危险的稳定性更好。研究为建筑工地工人筛选与管理提供基础,进一步降低建筑现场不安全事故的发生。

A number of studies have shown that individual differences will lead to differences in cognitive styles.In order to improve the personal risk perception ability of construction workers,therefore it can ensure the personal safety of workers,prevent on-site accidents and realize the safety management for various people.Based on the personality traits of construction workers,this paper studies the variance of risk perception ability of construction workers with different traits by eye movement experiments.The risk perception of construction workers in different scenes is statistically analyzed by these following six terms:the number of fixation points in the AOI interest area,the first fixation time,the average fixation time,the total fixation time,the eye gaze trajectory and the gaze hot-spot map.These results obtained in the paper are as follows:workers with obvious neuroticism and extroversion are comparatively weak in attention and stability of risk perception.Workers with obvious agreeableness tend to perceive risks in an unsafe state,while workers with obvious openness incline to perceive risks by notifying stimulating things.Workers with obvious rigor are most cautious and in-depth in judging risks,and also have strong and stable risk perception ability.This study provides a reference for the screening and management of constrcution workers,and further helps reduce accidents in construction sites.