马克思主义经典著作互文性阅读的价值与方法——基于《共产党宣言》与《新莱茵报》文章的分析

Importance and Ways of Inter-textual Reading of Marxist Classic Works:Analytical Study Based on The Communist Manifesto and Articles in Neue Rheinische Zeitung

马克思主义经典作家不仅在实践中实现了思想创新,而且将新思想运用于改造世界的新的实践。可以说,前者是淬炼的思想,后者是思想的淬炼,二者的高度统一构成马克思主义的理论底色。《共产党宣言》问世不久,1848年欧洲革命随即爆发。《共产党宣言》阐发的重要思想,在马克思恩格斯发表于《新莱茵报》上的文章中得到了具体的验证、丰富和发展。《共产党宣言》是用阶级分析方法研究人类社会历史的典范之作,但由于篇幅和体裁所限,只是从最宏观的角度对不同阶级及其特征、历史命运进行了勾勒,而不可能做到细致入微的分析。《新莱茵报》文章则始终依据贯穿《共产党宣言》的阶级分析方法和唯物史观,对不同政治人物、党派、阶级及其背后的利益关系进行了具体剖析,进一步丰富和验证了历史唯物主义理论和阶级分析方法。通过对《共产党宣言》与《新莱茵报》文章的互文性阅读,可以进一步理解历史唯物主义的理论与阶级分析方法,更加深刻地领悟马克思主义的理论特征。

Marxist classic writers not only made ideological innovation in practice,but also applied new ideas to new practices of transforming the world.It can be said that the former is refined thought,while the latter is the refinement of thought,and their high unity constitutes the theoretical essence of Marxism.The European revolutions broke out shortly after the publication of The Communist Manifesto in 1848.The important ideas expounded in The Communist Manifesto were specifically validated,enriched,and developed in the articles published by Marx and Engels in Neue Rheinische Zeitung.The Communist Manifesto serves as a paradigmatic work that studied the historical development of human society with the method of class analysis.However,due to the limitations in length and genre,it only provides a macroscopic delineation of different classes,their characteristics,and historical destinies,without the possibility of conducting detailed analyses.In the articles in Neue Rheinische Zeitung,on the other hand,the method of class analysis was consistently applied and historical materialism that runs through The Com munist Manifesto,so as to provide specific analyses of different political figures,parties,classes,and the underlying relationships of interests.This further enriches and validates the theory of historical materialism and the method of class analysis.With inter-textual reading of The Communist Manifesto and the articles in Neue Rheinische Zeitung,we can have a deeper understanding of the theory of historical materialism and the method of class analysis,thus enhancing our comprehension of the theoretical characteristics of Marxism.