晚清上海与桐城派的“长距离关系”——基于萧穆光绪年间稿本日记的研究

Shanghai and "Long Distance Relationship" of Tongcheng School in Late Qing Dynasty:Study Based on Xiao Mu's Manuscript Diary during Guangxu Period

萧穆是光绪年间的上海长住者,因为上海在水运交通网络中的枢纽位置以及在晚清帝国中的特殊地位,作为底层读书人的萧穆得以充分利用上海汇聚的资源和来自桐城本土的资源,从而成为晚清桐城派的媒介人物和最佳书籍资源配置者,王先谦、黎庶昌先后编辑的《续古文辞类纂》都利用了他在上海搜访、输送的书籍。萧穆在上海编辑书籍,可以利用宁波的刻工、南京的印刷装订和上海的销售网络,形成跨地域的书籍流通网络。交通条件的改善以及萧穆在上海的有效沟通,使得分散海内外的桐城派晚期代表人物联结成为“长距离关系”群体。萧穆的“上海经验”与“桐城经验”在既相区别又相联系的关系中,形成一个独特的视角,借此更能考察桐城派在晚清的新变化。

Xiao Mu was a long-time resident of Shanghai during Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty.Because of the pivotal position of Shanghai in water transportion network and its special status in the late Qing Empire,Xiao Mu,as a lower-class scholar,was able to take advantage of the resources gathered in two places of Shanghai and Tongcheng,and became the medium and the best allocator of book resources for the Tongcheng School in the late Qing Dynasty.The books he collected in Shanghai were much referred to in Xu Gu Wen Ci Lei Zuan(《续古文辞类纂》),compiled by Wang Xianqian and Li Shuchang successively.While editing books in Shanghai,Xiao Mu was able to make use of the engravers in Ningbo,printers and binders in Nanjing,and the sales network in Shanghai,forming a book distribution network across the region.The improved transportation conditions and Xiao Mu's effective social communication in Shanghai allowed the representatives of the late Tongcheng School,who lived scattered at home and abroad,to connect as a"long-distance relationship"group.Xiao Mu's"Shanghai experience"and"Tongcheng experience"were distinct but related.When taken together,they became a unique perspective,where one canexamine the ups and downs of the Tongcheng School in the late Qing Dynasty.