从烟草传入输出看明清时期全球化中的中国

China and Economic Globalization in Ming-Qing Dynasties:Examming from Introduction and Export of Tobacco

近代世界市场及全球体系的形成有诸多的促进因素,其中成瘾性消费品发挥了重要作用。烟草作为一类重要的成瘾性消费品,原产于中南美洲,最早经西班牙人和葡萄牙人传至欧洲及世界其他地区,并掀起了世界范围内的普遍吸烟风气,催生出了新的生活方式,同时也带动了烟草的广泛传播引种与商业贸易,在推动经济全球化进程中扮演了重要角色。在烟草种植、加工、销售等环节中,中国的作用不容忽视。烟草最初于明代中后期传入我国,清代以后,全国范围内的烟草种植与贸易普遍繁荣,烟草吸食之风随之渐盛,并成为中国人日常社会生活的一部分。此外,清代中国所产烟草也大量出口到国际市场,成为中国参与近代经济全球化的重要商品。

There were many factors leading to the being of modern world markets and global systems,and among them addictive consumer goods,in especial,played an important role.As an important kind in this respect,tobacco,native to Central and South Americas,was firstly introduced by the Spanish and Portuguese to Europe,and then became widely spread across the rest of the world,thus turning smoking into a worldwide common culture,which not only set up a new way of life,but also led to a worldwide consumption and trading of tobacco.Tobacco industry did play an important role in promoting the globalization of economy.Tobacco was introduced into China in the period from the mid-Ming to the Qing Dynasties.Tobacco growing and trading became flourishing throughout the country,and smoking became increasingly popular in people's daily life.Tobacco products made in this country,at the same time,were exported to the international market in large quantities,as an important commodity for China to get involved in modern globalization of economy.