农机购置补贴如何影响农业全要素生产率?

How do Agricultural Machinery Purchase Subsidies Affect Agricultural TFP?

提高全要素生产率(TFP)是促进中国农业高质量发展,建设中国式现代化农业强国的重要手段,那么与此契合的农机购置补贴政策如何影响农业TFP?目前对于这方面的研究较少。文章基于全国农村固定观察点2007-2017年农户数据,运用面板随机前沿模型进行了实证分析。研究发现:(1)农机购置补贴对农业TFP具有显著正向影响,而对农业TFP增长率没有明显作用;(2)补贴效果在规模农户、平原地区及土地细碎化程度较轻的地区中更为显著;(3)机制检验表明,农机购置补贴增加了农户的农机社会化服务可得性和规模,扩大了政策受益面,起到了提质增效的作用,但会受到交易费用的制约;(4)进一步对TFP增长率进行分解后发现,农机购置补贴对配置效率和规模效率的提升不足是导致其对农业TFP增长率影响不显著的重要原因。文章结论为如何提高农业补贴效果以实现农业高质量发展和建设中国式现代化农业强国提供了重要的理论依据。

Improving agricultural total factor productivity(TFP) is crucial for promoting the high-quality development of China's agriculture,accelerating its transformation into an agricultural powerhouse,and achieving modernization goals.Agricultural machinery purchase subsidies aim to enhance comprehensive agricultural production capacity,expedite the transformation of agricultural development,and achieve efficient agriculture.These subsidies align with the goal of increasing agricultural TFP.This paper examines the effect of agricultural machinery purchase subsidies on agricultural TFP using a panel stochastic frontier model and empirical analysis based on data from Fixed Observation Points of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in China between 2007 and 2017.The results indicate that:First,the subsidy has a significant positive impact on agricultural TFP,although it does not significantly affect its growth rate.Second,the subsidy's impact is more pronounced among largescale farmers,plain areas,and low land fragmentation areas.Third,mechanism testing indicates that by increasing the availability and scale of agricultural mechanization services,the subsidy enhances policy benefits and improves productivity.However,transaction costs limit the subsidy's impact.Fourth,decomposition of TFP growth rates reveals that insufficient improvement in allocation efficiency and scale efficiency is a major reason for the subsidy's insignificant impact on agricultural TFP growth rate.The conclusions have significant implications for enhancing China's agricultural support policy and evaluation system,as well as promoting the high-quality development of agriculture,accelerating its transformation into an agricultural powerhouse,and achieving modernization goals.The following suggestions are proposed:First,prioritize coordinated development between land scale operation and service scale operation.Second,maximize the scientific and technological guidance role of agricultural machinery purchase subsidies and the technological diffusion role of agricultural mechanization services while eliminating any constraints.Third,consider the social multiplier effect of policies aimed at improving financial fund efficiency.