国家扶贫战略转向视域下中国恢复落后地区补贴的策略

Tactics on restoring subsidies to disadvantaged regions for China from the perspective of national strategy shift of poverty alleviation

在国家扶贫战略从消除绝对贫困转向解决相对贫困后,重新激活世界贸易组织中业已失效的落后地区补贴,可为中国解决相对贫困提供地区补贴豁免的“安全阀”。基于判断地区补贴正当与否的地区专向性的标准不明,并且界定地区补贴可否豁免的落后地区的条件存在疏漏,在世界贸易组织中恢复落后地区补贴,需要澄清地区专向性判断标准的模糊并补足落后地区界定条件的疏漏。为了澄清地区专向性判断标准的模糊,中国应主张地区补贴的授予机关包括地方政府与中央政府,受补贴的某些企业无关全部企业与部分企业之分,对实施地区补贴的指定地区附加目的限制。为了补足落后地区界定条件的疏漏,中国可以设计多维度的落后地区测量指标,构建梯度化的落后地区量化基准,并设置确定性的落后地区甄别标准。

After the strategy of national poverty alleviation shifts from eliminating absolute poverty to solving relative poverty,it is necessary to restore the subsidies to disadvantaged regions which has failed in WTO for providing a “relief valve” for regional subsidy.Based on the criteria of regional specificity that determines whether regional subsidies can be considered legal are relatively vague and the conditions of disadvantaged regions that determines whether regional subsidies can be exempted are relatively negligent,it is necessary for China to clarify the ambiguities of criteria on regional specificity and complete the omissions of conditions on disadvantaged regions.In terms of the former,China should claim that both local governments and central government are grant authorities,emphasize that all enterprises and some enterprises are not relevant with certain enterprises in the case that regional subsidies overcompensate the disadvantages of disadvantaged regions,add purpose limits to the designated areas where the subsidized enterprises lie.As far as the latter,China should design a multi-dimensional indicators,build a gradient benchmark and set a deterministic standard of disadvantaged regions.