中国地区间收入差距到底有多大:基于随机方法的地区购买力平价测度

Regional disparity of real income in China:How much is really? Measurement of regional purchasing power parity based on stochastic approach

在推进共同富裕的背景下,中国地区间收入差距到底有多大是区域经济发展研究的重点内容。针对名义收入不能反映人民真实生活水平与福利水平的问题,以地区购买力平价作为切入点,通过改进现有随机方法,搭建随机方法下的多边比较指数系统一般化框架,对中国31个省级行政区的价格水平进行精确测度,进而量化分析剔除价格差异影响的中国地区间实际收入差距。研究结果显示:与名义收入相比,各地区城镇居民人均实际收入水平均显著提高,地区间实际收入差距程度缩小,中国地区间实际收入水平最高值与最低值的比例由2.39降为2.03,实际收入呈现高收入聚集区向北部移动、低收入聚集区向南部移动的新特点。研究结果从定量分析的角度予以中国各地区实际收入水平更客观更准确的定位,可为中国地区间资源分配及差异化政策制定提供数据支撑和参考,进而推进共同富裕远景目标更快更好地实现。

In the background of promoting common prosperity,the extent of the real income disparity is a key element of research on regional economic development.To address the problem that nominal income cannot reflect the real living standard and welfare level,the paper uses subnational Purchasing Power Parity(PPP) as an entry point,construct a generalized framework of the multilateral comparative index system under the stochastic approach by improving the existing stochastic approach,and uses the improved method to accurately measure the subnational PPPs of 31 provinces in China,thereby quantifying the real income disparity.The results show that compared with nominal income,the real income increased significantly,and the real income disparity between regions narrowed,with the ratio of the highest to the lowest real income in China decreasing from 2.39 to 2.03.Real income excluding the effect of prices showed a new characteristic of moving towards the north for the high-income areas and towards the south for the low-income areas.The results of the study provide a more objective and accurate index of real income and provide data support and reference for differential policy formulation among regions in China,thus promoting the realization of common prosperity.