全球地理信息公共产品研发的技术发展方向与主要任务

Direction and main task of global geographic information public product research and development

全球地理信息是重要的全球公共产品之一,对于弥补发展中国家与发达国家之间的数字鸿沟、改善全球治理模式具有重要意义。本文从公共产品的基本特性出发,首先,给出了全球地理信息公共产品的基本概念和内涵,并针对产品生产、产品交付和产品使用三个主要环节,指出要从服务资源、服务能力、服务方式和服务机制四个维度研究全球地理信息公共产品的支撑技术;然后,通过深入分析当前技术发展趋势,提出了建设多元化服务资源、提升实时化服务能力、提供知识化服务方式、建立协同化服务机制的发展思路;最后,给出了构建全球地理信息公共产品支撑技术体系的主要任务、技术思路和国际合作模式。

The world is currently undergoing unprecedented changes,and global governance is facing severe crises due to theoretical deficiencies,deviations from established rules,and governance failures.Reforming and improving the global governance system has become a prominent topic in the international community.Essentially,global governance refers to the collaborative process involving diverse actors working together to provide global public goods aimed at addressing worldwide issues.Global geographic information stands out as a crucial global public good,playing a significant role in bridging the digital divide between developing and developed countries and enhancing the global governance model.However,China has long lacked innovation and the supply capabilities for global geographic information public products.This deficiency has significantly impacted its influence and participation in international governance,hindering comprehensive support for the UN 2030 Agenda and the establishment of a human community with a shared destiny.Consequently,there is an urgent need to develop high-quality and diverse types of global geographic information public products,while also providing collaborative and diversified global geographic information services.Commencing with the fundamental characteristics of public goods,this article initially introduces the basic concept and connotation of global geographic information public products.It then identifies four dimensions—service resources,service capabilities,service approaches,and service mechanisms—for studying the supporting technologies required for global geographic information public products across three primary stages:product production,product delivery,and product utilization.Furthermore,the article conducts an in-depth analysis and review of current technological developments,unveiling the overall trends of diversified service resources,real-time service capabilities,knowledge-based service approaches,and collaborative service mechanisms.The article proposes a development approach for global geographic information services centered around the idea of“constructing diversified service resources,enhancing real-time service capabilities,providing a knowledge-based service approach,and establishing a collaborative service mechanism”.This approach aims to build a comprehensive global geographic information service technology system,advance the construction of spatial-temporal information infrastructure,continuously enrich and improve multi-type,multi-scale,multi-temporal,and multi-themed service resources,enhance dynamic perception and real-time computing capabilities,establish a service technology ecosystem based on collective wisdom and open-source principles,along with corresponding policy and standards systems.This effort will provide high-quality global geographic information public products,including data,information,knowledge,software,and training,offering scientific tools for more developing countries to engage in global governance.Lastly,the article outlines the key tasks,technological strategies,and international cooperation models required to construct a supporting technological system for global geographic information public products.