吉林省东部冷凉区早熟春玉米苞叶脱水性状分析

Dehydration characteristics of spring maize husk leaves in eastern Jilin Province

玉米苞叶性状影响果穗含水率。为了探究吉林省东部冷凉区早熟春玉米苞叶性状及其与果穗柄和果穗含水率的关系,以6个早熟春玉米品种(龙垦5号、北种玉1号、丰垦008、先达203、合玉25和龙垦9号)为材料,分析苞叶层数、厚度、干重、含水率和脱水速率及其与果穗柄、果穗和收获期籽粒含水率的相关关系。研究结果显示:苞叶干重、苞叶层数和苞叶厚度存在品种差异。玉米苞叶、果穗柄、果穗的含水率不同,苞叶、果穗柄和果穗在前期含水率最高,随生育进程的推进苞叶含水率下降。与苞叶相比,果穗柄含水率在吐丝后(DAS)50天之内下降幅度较小,一直维持在79%以上。DAS 51~57天,其含水率降幅较大;果穗含水率从吐丝开始至生育后期呈下降趋势。相关分析显示,玉米苞叶干重和果穗柄干重、果穗柄含水率和果穗含水率、果穗含水率和苞叶含水率、果穗柄含水率和苞叶含水率、收获时籽粒含水率和苞叶DAS 51~57的脱水速率之间均呈显著或极显著正相关关系;果穗干重和苞叶干重、苞叶层数和果穗柄DAS 30~43的脱水速率、穗基部苞叶厚度和果穗柄DAS 30~43的脱水速率之间均呈极显著负相关关系;果穗柄干重和果穗干重之间无显著相关性。

The husk leaf characteristics of maize affects the ear moisture.In order to explore the husk leaf characteristics and its relationship with cob-pedicel and cob moisture of spring maize in eastern Jilin Province,we analyzed the number,thickness,dry weight,moisture and dehydration rate of husk leaves in six maize varieties(Longken 5,Beizhongyu 1,Fengken 008,Xianda 203,Heyu 25 and Longken 9)and their relationships with the moisture of cob-pedicel,ear and grain at harvest.The results showed that the dry weight,the number and the thickness of husk leaves per cob were different among varieties.The moisture of husk leaves,cob-pedicel and cob was not consistent.The husk leaves moisture decreased with maize growing period.Compared with husk leaves,the moisture of cob-pedicel remained above 79%until 50 days after silking(DAS),and decreased dramatically during DAS 51−57.The cob moisture declined from silking to late growth period.Correlation analysis indicated that there were significant linear positive correlations between the dry weight of husk leaves and cob-pedicel,the moisture of cob-pedicel and cob,the moisture of husk leaves and cob,the moisture of husk leaves and cob-pedicel,and the moisture of grain at harvest and the dehydration rate of husk leaves in DAS 51−57.There were significant negative linear correlations between the dry weight of cob and husk leaves,the number of husk leaves and the dehydration rate of cob-pedicel in DAS 30−43,and the thickness of husk leaves at base of cob and the dehydration rate of cob-pedicel in DAS 30−43.The dry weight of cob-pedicel and cob have no significantly correlated.