不同调理剂对尾菜低C/N堆肥腐殖化效果的影响

Effects of different conditioners on humification of low C/N compost with vegetable waste

针对尾菜碳氮比(C/N)低自身无法堆肥,现有好氧堆肥工艺下尾菜堆肥需要大量调理剂,不同调理剂组分对尾菜堆肥过程的腐殖化进程影响差异不清的问题,本研究以番茄藤蔓尾菜为主要原料,选用小麦秸秆、椰糠和蘑菇渣三种不同的调理剂进行好氧堆肥,明确不同调理剂添加情况下,尾菜低碳氮比(C/N=14)好氧堆肥过程中腐殖质的产生与变化趋势。采用温度、pH、电导率(EC)和发芽指数(GI)进行堆肥腐熟度评判,通过腐殖质组分的变化,明确不同调理剂添加情况下的尾菜堆肥腐殖化效果及变化规律。结果表明,相较于尾菜无法自身堆肥完成腐殖化,添加不同调理剂均能使尾菜发生腐殖化,且不同处理腐殖化程度相似,堆肥结束腐殖质含量均在28%左右,但不同处理堆肥产物的胡敏酸含量差异较大,蘑菇渣处理(T3)含量最高达到11.9%,添加椰糠处理(T2)最少仅为4.8%;对不同处理堆肥产物红外光谱分析表明,相较于其他两个处理,添加椰糠处理的芳香族伸缩振动改变量最少,腐殖化程度较低。堆肥结果表明,小麦秸秆、椰糠和蘑菇渣三种调理剂均能使尾菜在低C/N条件下进行好氧堆肥,温度、pH、EC和GI值都能达到相关有机肥标准。添加小麦秸秆更易促进腐植酸产生,促进腐殖质的形成;添加椰糠处理,腐殖化效果较差。

The low C/N ratio of vegetable waste can not compost by itself,vegetable waste composting under the existing aerobic composting process requires a lot of conditioning agents,and the effect of different conditioning components on the humification progress of the vegetable waste composting process is unclear.In order to solve the above problems,we used tomato vine as the main material,and selected three different kinds of conditioning agents including wheat straw,coconut bran and mushroom residue for aerobic composting to understand the humic substances production and change trend during aerobic composting with low C/N ratio(C/N=14)of vegetable waste under the addition of different conditioning agents.The degree of humification of compost was judged using temperature,pH,electrical conductivity(EC)and germination index(GI)to clarify the effects and change pattern of humification of vegetable waste compost with different conditioner additions through changes in humic components.The results showed that compared with the inability of a vegetable waste to complete humification by its own compost,the addition of different conditioning agents could all humify the vegetable waste,and the degree of humification by different treatments was similar.The humic acid contents of the end compost were all around 28%,while the humic acid contents of the different treatment compost products differed greatly,with the highest amount reaching 11.9%in mushroom pomace treatment(T3),and the least amount being only 4.8%in coconut bran treatment(T2).Infrared spectroscopic analysis of compost products from the different treatments showed that the least amount of altered aromatic stretching vibration and a lower degree of humification occurred in the treatment with coconut bran added relative to the other two treatments.Composting results showed that all three types of conditioning agents,wheat straw,coconut bran,and mushroom residue,enabled the tail vegetables to be aerobically composted under low C/N conditions,while the temperature,pH,EC,and GI values met the relevant organic manure standards.The addition of wheat straw more easily promoted humic acid production and promoted the formation of humic substances,but poor humification effect in coconut bran treatment.