白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂有翅和无翅型雌蜂寄生行为和子代发育比较

Comparison of Parasitic Behavior and Progeny Development between Winged and Wingless Female Adults of Sclerodermus pupariae(Hymenoptera:Bethylidae)

【目的】白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂雌蜂可发育为有翅或无翅型2种形态,但有翅型雌蜂在种群中占比较少。探究有翅和无翅型雌蜂的寄生行为和子代发育情况是否存在差异,为进一步明确在寄生蜂规模化繁育中调控有翅雌性个体的必要性提供理论依据。【方法】对比测定有翅和无翅型白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂雌蜂在生命周期内可完成产卵寄生的次数、雌蜂产卵前期、子代发育历期、子代数量和雄性比例。【结果】1)有翅和无翅型雌蜂最多可完成4次寄生过程,其寄生能力无显著差异,但寄生能力均随寄生次数增加而减弱;2种翅型雌蜂的寿命无显著差异,平均寿命约43天。2)有翅和无翅型雌蜂的产卵前期及其子代幼期历期均无显著差异。3)有翅和无翅型雌蜂子代总数及雄性比例无显著差异,一头雌蜂的子代总数分别为103头和98头,雄性比例分别为10.59%和6.90%;无论何种翅型的雌蜂,在4次寄生过程中,前2批次子代以雌性为主,后2批次子代以雄性为主。【结论】有翅雌蜂未因翅的发育造成寄生能力和繁殖力损耗,其生殖适合度较无翅型个体无差异。由于具翅雌蜂释放后自行扩散能力强,故人为调控诱导产生更多的具翅雌蜂对该寄生蜂在生物防治上发挥的作用更为有利。

【Objective】Female adults of Sclerodermus pupariae can develop into winged or wingless morphs.However,winged females are only occasionally found in both wild and mass-reared populations.This study aims to investigate whether there are differences in the parasitic behavior and progeny development between winged and wingless female individuals,so as to provide a theoretical basis for further clarifying the necessity of inducing production of winged females in the parasitoid mass-rearing.【Method】The parasitism ability,pre-oviposition period,offspring immature duration,fecundity,and male offspring proportion of winged and wingless females were measured in the laboratory conditions.【Result】1)Both winged and wingless females could complete four times of parasitism.There was no significant difference in parasitism ability between the two types of morphs of the parasitoids,but the parasitism ability decreased with the increasing parasitism times.There was no significant difference in longevities of winged and wingless females,with an average lifespan of approximately 43 days.2)There were no significant differences in the pre-oviposition period and the offspring immature duration between winged and wingless females.3)The total numbers of offspring and male proportions of winged and wingless females exhibited no significant differences.Winged and wingless females could produce approximately 103 and 98 progenies,respectively.Their male progeny proportions were 10.59%and 6.90%,respectively.Both winged and wingless females had the four parasitism times,and their offsprings in the first two broods were dominated by females,and the second two broods of offsprings were dominated by males.【Conclusion】The parasitism and fecundity of winged females are not lost due to the development of wings,and the reproductive fitness of winged females does not decrease in comparison to the wingless individuals.Due to the strong self diffusion ability of winged females after release,more winged females produced by artificial regulations would achieve benefits for biocontrol application of this parasitoid.