养殖暗纹东方鲀鱼骨的营养成分分析与评价

Nutritional Composition and Evaluation of Bones of Cultured Takifugu obscurus

为促进养殖河鲀加工副产物的高值化利用,分析了养殖暗纹东方鲀(Takifugu obscurus)鱼骨的营养成分分析与评价。结果表明,养殖暗纹东方鲀鱼骨具有高蛋白(19.46%)、低脂(2.19%)及矿物质含量较多的特点;氨基酸含量为20.07%,其中必需氨基酸含量和鲜味氨基酸含量分别占总氨基酸含量的34.53%和48.77%,色氨酸为第一限制性氨基酸;鱼骨蛋白的营养价值符合儿童(DIAAS为76)、青少年/成人(DIAAS为98)的需求,胶原蛋白含量丰富,占总蛋白含量的34.92%;脂肪酸含量为0.30%、不饱和程度达70.06%,以C22:6n-3(DHA)、C18:1n-9和C18:2n-6为主,且C20:5n-3(EPA)和C22:6n-3含量之和占总脂肪酸含量的29.20%;饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)三者之比为1:0.68:1.66;矿物质中富含钙(20.33 g/kg)、磷(13.92 g/kg)和锌(39.23 mg/kg)元素,钙磷比值为1.46。综上,养殖河鲀鱼骨的蛋白质营养效价良好、胶原蛋白含量高,矿质元素丰富、比例均衡,具有良好的开发应用前景。研究为养殖河鲀鱼骨的高值利用提供了原料特性数据,对养殖河鲀产业发展具有参考价值。

To promote high-value utilization of by-products from the processing of cultured pufferfish,the nutritional composition of the bones of cultured Takifugu obscurus was evaluated.The fish bones of T.obscurus were rich in proteins(19.46%)and minerals(6.30%),but with little fat(2.19%).The total amino acid content was 20.07%,of which the contents of indispensable and flavor amino acids were 34.53% and 48.77%,respectively.Tryptophan was the first-limiting amino acid.The bones of T.obscurus provide adequate protein to meet the nutritional requirements of young children(DIAAS of 76),as well as of adolescents and adults(DIAAS of 98).The bones also contain abundant collagen(34.92%),which is the major protein component(34.92% of the total)of fish bones.The fatty acid content was 0.3%;the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids reached 70.06% and was mainly composed of C22:6n-3(DHA),C18:1n-9,and C18:2n-6.Moreover,the sum of the contents of C20:5n-3(EPA)and DHA was 29.20% of the total fatty acid content.The ratio of saturated fatty acids(SFA),mono-unsaturated fatty acids(MUFA),and poly-unsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)was 1:0.68:1.66.The major mineral components were calcium(20.33 g/kg),phosphorus(13.92 g/kg),and zinc(39.23 mg/kg),with a calcium-to-phosphorus ratio of 1.46.In general,bones of cultured T.obscurus are rich in proteins and minerals,rendering them nutritionally valuable and warranting further exploration and utilization.This research provides basic data on the characteristics of fish bones from cultured pufferfish as raw materials for high-value utilization.The findings are of vital reference value for the development of the cultured pufferfish industry.