现实主义综述用于复杂护理干预评估的范围综述

Application of realist reviews in evaluating complex nursing interventions:a scoping review

目的探讨现实主义综述评估复杂护理干预的现状,为引入该方法提供参考。方法采用范围综述方法,系统检索国内外数据库中护理领域的现实主义综述,检索时限为建库至2022年3月,由2名研究者独立筛选、提取资料,采用描述性分析及主题分析法对提取结果进行整理。结果共纳入47篇文献,其中35篇发表于近5年。研究主题以社区/公共卫生护理和老年护理居多。构建初始项目理论、检索和筛选证据、评价证据、资料提取、综合与分析5个关键步骤中对核心过程项目理论构建与完善的报告不充分。结论现实主义综述可揭示复杂护理干预发挥作用的机制,国内需借鉴国外的应用经验并加以规范与完善,为发展我国护理理论和实践研究提供新思路。

Objective To explore the current status of realist reviews in evaluating complex nursing interventions,so as to provide a reference for the introduction of this method.Methods A scoping review was conducted using a systematic search of domestic and international nursing databases.The search time interval was from the inception of each database until March 2022.Two researchers independently screened and extracted data,and descriptive analysis and thematic analysis were used to organize the extracted results.Results A total of 47 articles were included,with 35 articles published in the latest five years.The research topics mainly focused on community/public health nursing and elderly care.Reports on the core process of project theory construction and improvement were insufficient in the five key steps:initial project theory construction,evidence search and selection,evidence evaluation,data extraction,and synthesis and analysis.Conclusion Realist reviews can reveal the mechanisms behind the effectiveness of complex nursing interventions.Domestic research should learn from the application experiences of foreign countries and standardize and improve the methodology to provide new perspectives for the development of nursing theory and practice in China.