由“蜩”说到“蝍蟟”

The Phonetic Change as Exemplified by“Tiao”and“Jiliao”

“蜩”“蝉”类昆虫,因地异名、随时异种,名称众多,在这各异的名称中,有些具有明显的语音联系。“虭蟧”等名称,即今之所谓“寒蝉”,见于农历七八月份,傍晚鸣叫。其鸣声用语音描述,与“fu—lie”近似。“知了”等名称,即今之“蚱蝉”,见于农历五六月份,白天鸣叫,尤其是中午时分,鸣叫声类似“zha—”“zhi—…zhi—…”。虽然二种蝉有区别,但这些名称具有明显的同源关系。梳理这些各异的名称,可以发现语音的演变线索。蜩→蝭蟧→知了→蝍蟟,“蜩”析音造词,衍生出“蝭蟧”类名称,“舌头音”(d组)分化出“舌上音”(zh组),进而分出“舌面音”(j组)。这一语音演变路径,反映的就是不同阶段的演进。

The“cicada”category has different names in different places and at any times.Among these different names,some have obvious voice connections and are worth noting.“虭蟧”and other names,which is the so-called“寒蝉”today,are seen in the July and August months of the lunar calendar,and they usually call in the evening.Its sound is described by voice,similar to“fu-lie”.“知了”and other names,that is today’s“蚱蝉”,are seen in May and June of the lunar calendar.They usually call during the day,especially at noon,and the call is similar to“zha—”and“zhi—…zhi—…”.In terms of species,although the two cicadas are different,these names have obvious homology.Combing these different names,you can find clues to the evolution of voice.蜩→蝭蟧→知了→蝍蟟,“蜩”interprets sounds to create words,and derives the name“蝭蟧”,“Tongue sounds”Group d differentiates into“Supper-lingual sounds”(zh group),and then divide them into“lingual sounds”(j group).This voice evolution path reflects the evolution in different stages.