论抗战时期国统区的计口授盐

On the Rationing of Salt in the KMT-controlled Area during the Anti-Japanese War

抗战爆发后,沿海重要产盐区先后沦陷,国民政府虽然采取了一些应急措施,但成效有限,导致盐荒蔓延。鉴于此,一些省份先后实施计口授盐。至1944年,计口授盐在国统区已较普遍。大体而言,计口授盐采取了直接利用保甲、设食盐公卖店和运用消费合作社三种形式,授盐定额每人每月五两至一斤不定。计口授盐缓解了后方盐荒,但也存在较大局限。在一定程度上,计口授盐反映了国民政府在抗战中对民众的组织能力有限,由此亦可窥见国民政府持久抗战的一个面相。

After the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japanese aggression,the important salt producing areas in the coastal areas fell into enemy’s hands successively.Although the Nationalist government took relevant measures,the salt shortage still spread.In view of this,some provinces had implemented salt rationing.By 1944,salt rationing has been more common in the KMT area.Generally speaking,the rationing of salt took three forms such as the direct use of baojia,setting up salt stores and the use of consumer’s cooperatives.Salt quota is 5 liang to 1 jin per person per month.Rationing salt alleviated the salt shortage in the rear,but it also had great limitations.To a certain extent,the rationing of salt reflects the organizational ability and limitations of the National Government to the people during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,from which we can also see an aspect of the National Government’s lasting resistance against Japanese aggression.