我国高等职业教育校企合作政策研究——基于61份国家政策文本的量化分析

School-Enterprise Cooperation Policies of Higher Vocational Education in China:A Quantitative Study of 61 State Policy Documents

通过文本计量法,以1980年至今国家发布的61份涉及高等职业教育校企合作的政策文本为研究样本,根据其量化分析结果,建立我国高等职业教育校企合作的三维分析框架,并从政策结构、政策工具和政策主题的维度依次进行统计分析。研究发现:由于社会环境的宏观驱动、市场需求的有效表达以及职业教育的内在需求,我国高等职业教育校企合作政策呈现出政策主体从独立发文到合作参与、政策取向从工具价值到本体价值、政策内容从单边发力到双向对接、政策制定从一元管理到多元治理等嬗变特点。同时,也面临着工具运用失衡、规范引领不足、多元主体的割裂的困境。因此,我国高等职业教育校企合作的未来发展需要在政策主体、政策布局、政策内容和政策工具的四重逻辑上持续发力,为构建中国特色校企共同体奠定坚实的政策基础。

This research used 61 policy texts concerning the school-enterprise cooperation in higher vocational education as samples to have been released by the state since 1980 to conduct a quantitative study on the three-dimensional framework on the policy structure,policy instruments and policy themes.Findings indicated that the school-enterprise cooperation policies in China present the evolutionary characteristics of policy issuance from independent subjects to cooperative participants,policy value orientation from instrument to ontology,policy content from unilateral force to two-way docking,and policy formulation from unitary management to multiple governance,in line with the social and market requirement and demand for higher vocational education.The findings also showed that such problems exist as uneven usage of instruments,lack of specification and division of multiple subjects.Authors,therefore,proposed that future development of school-enterprise cooperation policy requires continuous efforts in terms of policy subjects,layout,content and tools to lay a solid foundation for the construction of a school-enterprise community with Chinese characteristics.