苏云金芽孢杆菌晶体蛋白结构及其机制的研究进展

Research progress on the structure of crystal protein of Bacillus thuringiensis and its mechanism

蚊虫作为媒介参与疟疾、登革热、基孔肯雅热、黄热病、寨卡和丝虫病等严重疾病的传播,对其防治一直是研究热点。目前蚊虫防治方法主要有物理防治、化学防治和生物防治。物理防治方法对环境无污染,但其见效慢,防治效果不理想;化学防治虽然能快速消灭蚊虫,但因其高污染、高残留、且易产生抗药性等缺点而被淘汰;生物防治利用自然天敌或病原体杀死蚊子和降低其传播疾病的能力。因此,对环境友好的生物防治成了防控蚊虫的主要措施。近年来细菌性灭蚊剂在蚊虫生物防治中取得了显著进展,其中研究最广泛的细菌是苏云金芽孢杆菌。苏云金芽孢杆菌为革兰氏阳性土壤微生物,是多种鳞翅目、鞘翅目、双翅目等农业害虫的病原菌。它的菌株在芽孢形成的过程中产生多种具有杀虫活性的伴孢晶体蛋白,又称杀虫晶体蛋白(insecticide crystal proteins,ICPs)或δ-内毒素,对蚊虫的幼虫有较好的灭杀作用。本综述介绍了苏云金芽孢杆菌的晶体蛋白,详细叙述了晶体蛋白的种类和结构,揭示了与受体相关的晶体蛋白作用机制。

Mosquitoes are involved in the transmission of serious diseases such as malaria,dengue,chikungunya,yellow fever,Zika virus disease,and filariasis,and their prevention and control have always been a research hotspot.Currently,mosquito control methods mainly include physical control,chemical control and biological control.Physical control methods are environmentally friendly,but they are slow to take effect and have unsatisfactory control effects;although chemical control can quickly eliminate mosquitoes,it has been eliminated due to its high pollution,high residual,and easy drug resistance;biological control uses natural enemies or pathogens to kill mosquitoes and reduce their ability to transmit disease.Therefore,environmentally friendly biological control has become the main measure for controlling and preventing mosquitoes.In recent years,significant progress has been made in bacterial mosquito control agents,among which Bacillus thuringiensis has been the most extensively studied.Bacillus thuringiensis is a Gram-positive soil microorganism,which is the pathogenic bacterium of a variety of agricultural pests such as Lepidoptera,Coleoptera and Diptera.During the sporulation process,its strains produce a variety of insecticidal crystal proteins(ICPs)orδ-endotoxins with insecticidal activity against mosquito larvae.This review firstly introduces the crystal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis,describes in detail the types and structures of crystal proteins in detail,and also reveals the mechanism of action of crystal proteins related to receptors.