语言接触与铸牢中华民族共同体意识——基于贵州苗语东部方言区的考察

Language Contact and Consolidating the Sense of Community for the Chinese Nation:Based on the Investigation of Eastern Miao language Regions in Guizhou

语言接触是铸牢中华民族共同体意识的重要实践途径之一,同时语言接触也能从语言维度阐释中华民族多元一体的文化源流。通过考据贵州苗语东部方言区苗语汉借词的词源发现,明清以降贵州苗语东部方言区的苗语对汉语字词的借用呈现出上古、中古、近现代三个阶段性的历史层次,且该地区苗语对汉语借词的实际运用主要表现在一部分苗语日常用语直接将汉语词语变调使用,并保持原汉语意思不变;一部分苗语与汉语共用同一词源,发音不变但意思发生改变。同时前缀变调及连续变调原则也成为影响该地区苗语歌曲和部分苗族亲属称谓形成的重要因素。从贵州苗语东部方言区的案例可以得出,语言接触促使了我国多元一体文化格局的形成,并对民族地区进一步铸牢中华民族共同体意识的实践有重要作用。

Language contact is one of the important practical ways to consolidating the sense of community for the Chinese nation,and it can also explain the cultural origin of the Chinese nation from the language dimension.Through researching the etymology of Chinese loanwords in the eastern Miao language regions in Guizhou,it was found that the borrowing of Chinese words in the Miao language regions in the eastern Miao language regions from the Ming and Qing dynasties presented three historical stages:ancient,medieval,and modern.Moreover,the actual use of Chinese loanwords in the Miao language in this region is mainly reflected in the direct use of Chinese words in some daily Miao language,while maintaining the original Chinese meaning unchanged;Some Miao and Chinese languages share the same etymology,with unchanged pronunciation but a change in meaning.The principle of prefix tone sandhi and continuous tone sandhi has also become an important factor affecting the formation of Miao language songs and some Miao kinship titles in the region.From the case of the eastern Miao language region in Guizhou,it can be concluded that Language contact has promoted the formation of a pluralistic cultural pattern and played an important role in the practice of further consolidating the sense of community for the Chinese nation in ethnic areas.