“集大成”作为诗歌创作理论的建构——宋诗话的杜诗接受

Constructing the Theory of being an Agglomeration in Poetry Creation:The Reception of Du Fu’s Poetry in Song Dynasty Poetry Criticism

“集大成”的杜诗是勾连传统与当代、并指向未来的开放体系。“集大成”是宋诗在唐诗之后可以继续开辟胜景,并在诗歌史上占有一席之地的理论前提。杜诗对传统的继承不仅反映诗歌发展的自然规律,同时也是诗歌继续向前发展的不二法门:杜甫在前人“写”的基础上进行“再写”,不仅通过继承延续了诗歌史,同时也建立起诗人的独立身份。但是“集大成”并未突出诗人的主体能动性,甚至在一定程度上忽略了诗人的主体能动性,这既是宋代注重学问的风气使然,也是诗话作者有意将诗歌创作变得具有可操作性的结果;诗歌创作是在学问之下的运作,天才表现为对传统的融会能力。宋诗话对杜诗“集大成”的接受,既成就了宋诗,也反映了宋诗的某些局限。

The concept of being an agglomeration in Du Fu’s poetry represents an open system that connects tradition with contemporary times and points towards the future.Being an agglomeration serves as a theoretical premise that allowed Song Dynasty poetry to continue the development and occupy a significant position in the history of poetry after the Tang Dynasty.Du Fu’s inheritance of the poetic tradition not only reflects the natural progression of poetry but also serves as the gateway for the continued advancement of poetry:Du Fu’s re-writing on the foundation laid by his predecessors not only carries forward the history of poetry but also establishes his independent identity.However,the concept of being an agglomeration does not emphasize the subjectivity of the poet and even to some extent,neglects it.This can be attributed to the intellectual environment of the Song Dynasty that emphasized scholarly pursuits and also the intentional effort of the authors of poetry criticism to make poetry creation more manageable.Poetry creation operates within the realm of scholarship,and genius is demonstrated through the ability to assimilate and synthesize tradition.The acceptance of Du Fu’s poetry as being an agglomeration in Song Dynasty poetry criticism not only contributed to the achievements of Song poetry but also reflected certain limitations of Song poetry.