放射治疗对卵巢功能影响的机制及防护研究进展

Research progresses in the radiotherapy effect on ovarian function and its protection

随着肿瘤综合治疗措施的不断发展,在提高肿瘤患者生存率的同时,对于年轻女性肿瘤患者的生育力保存,日益引起重视。放疗作为肿瘤综合治疗中的重要组成部分,可引起青春期和育龄女性的卵巢损伤,进而导致其生育力下降及一系列不良反应。放射线除直接作用于生物大分子进而引起卵巢损伤外,还可以通过增加各级卵母细胞及卵巢颗粒细胞间的氧化应激水平引起卵巢间接损伤。现阶段,在接受放射治疗的女性肿瘤患者生育力保存具体实践过程中,主要包含物理防护、药物防护及生物防护三方面措施。近些年来,相关女性肿瘤患者的生育力保存新技术的发展也为此带来了新希望,包括防护效果、患者年龄、具体肿瘤治疗措施的选择等在内的因素,是生育力保存相关措施选择过程中主要考虑的方面。本文综述放射治疗引起卵巢损伤的研究进展,着重介绍对接受放疗的年轻女性肿瘤患者的生育力保存措施与新技术进展。

The survival rate of cancer patients was improved due to the development of cancer treatment techniques,and thus the fertility protection for young female cancer patients has attracted increasing attention.Radiotherapy,as one of the comprehensive cancer treatment,could cause ovarian damage in adolescent and child-bearing women,which leads to fertility decline and a series of side effects.Radiation can cause ovarian damage not only by acting on biological macromolecules directly,but also by increasing oxidative stress between oocytes and ovarian granulosa cells indirectly.At present,the fertility preservation of female cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy mainly includes physical protection,drug protection and biological protection.Recently,the development of new technologies for the preservation of fertility in female cancer patients has also brought new hope,including factors such as protective effects,patient age,and the selection of specific cancer treatment measures,which are the main considerations in the selection process of fertility preservation measures.This article reviews the research progress on radiation-induced ovarian damage,with a focus on the introduction of the fertility preservation measures and new technologies for young female tumor patients receiving radiotherapy.