细胞衰老与2型糖尿病

Cellular senescence and type 2 diabetes

细胞衰老是指细胞进入永久性细胞周期停滞的状态,具有衰老相关分泌表型分泌、大分子损伤及代谢失调等特征。新近研究显示,细胞衰老与2型糖尿病之间有着密切的联系。一方面,2型糖尿病的糖脂毒性微环境可加速细胞的衰老和积累。另一方面,细胞衰老可促进2型糖尿病的发生发展,如胰岛β细胞衰老可造成β细胞功能障碍;脂肪细胞衰老可导致促炎细胞因子分泌,引起脂肪代谢障碍,加重胰岛素抵抗;此外,血管内皮细胞、视网膜内皮细胞等衰老可促进糖尿病慢性并发症的发生。细胞衰老既是2型糖尿病发病的重要因素,同时也是2型糖尿病进展的结果,靶向细胞衰老的措施有望成为治疗2型糖尿病的新策略。

Cellular senescence is a state in which cells enter permanent cell cycle arrest,which is characterized by senescence-associated secretory phenotype secretion,macromolecular damage,metabolic dysregulation and so on.Recent studies have shown a close relationship between cellular senescence and type 2 diabetes.On the one hand,the glycolipotoxic microenvironment of type 2 diabetes can accelerate cell senescence and accumulation.On the other hand,cellular senescence can promote the development of type 2 diabetes.For example,senescence of pancreaticβ-cells leads toβ-cell dysfunction and adipocytes senescence results in the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines,causing disturbances in lipid metabolism and exacerbating insulin resistance.Moreover,senescence of endothelial cells,retinal endothelial cells,and other cell types contributes to the occurrence of chronic complications in diabetes.Cellular senescence is not only an important factor in the onset of type 2 diabetes but also a consequence of its progression.Targeting cellular senescence holds promise as a new strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.