基于加速度计的滑坡前兆位移监测装置

Landslide precursory displacement monitoring device based on accelerometer

为对滑坡前期的土体位移进行实时连续监测,减小山体滑坡带来的危害,文中设计一种以单片机为核心,以MEMS加速度计为采集终端的滑坡前兆位移监测装置。首先采用单片机对采集终端采集的加速度数据进行预处理;然后使用时域积分算法将加速度信号转换成位移,通过LoRa无线模块将加速度数据和位移结果传输到PC端,实现实时连续在线监测;最后采用卡尔曼滤波算法(OE-KF)对加速度信号进行预处理,还原出更加真实的滑坡前期的土体运动状态,再使用太阳能供电系统来实现能量供给,维持传感器在野外长期稳定的工作。根据滑坡前的土体运动状态设计模拟实验,实验结果表明,所设计装置能够对地表滑坡前期的土体位移进行较为精确的测量,最大相对误差为2.25%,可为滑坡灾害预警预报系统提供科学有效的依据。

In order to continuously monitor the soil displacement in the early stage of landslides in real-time and reduce the harm caused by landslides,a landslide precursor displacement monitoring device with single-chip microcomputer as the core and MEMS accelerometer as the collection terminal is designed.The single-chip microcomputer is used to preprocess the acceleration data collected by the acquisition terminal,and then the time domain integration algorithm is used to convert the acceleration signal into displacement.The LoRa wireless module is used to transmit the acceleration data and displacement results to the PC to realize real-time continuous online monitoring.The outlier-elimination Kalman filter(OE-KF)algorithm is used to preprocess the acceleration signal to restore a more realistic soil movement state in the early stage of the landslide.The solar power supply system is used to realize the energy supply and maintain the long-term stable work of the sensor in the field.The simulation experiment was designed according to the soil movement state in the early stage of the landslide.The experimental results show that the designed device can accurately measure the soil displacement in the early stage of the surface landslide,with a maximum relative error of 2.25%.It can provide a scientific and effective basis for landslide disaster warning and prediction systems.