速凝渗透结晶型浆液用于隧道渗漏的防治试验研究

Experimental Study on Prevention and Treatment of Tunnel Leakage with Rapid Setting Permeable Crystallographic Grouts

为提升渗透结晶型浆液的综合性能,研究其用于防治隧道渗漏时的注浆效果,通过机理分析和制备速凝型浆液,并设计断层破碎带隧道预注浆模型试验,开展无注浆、水泥浆液预注浆和速凝渗透结晶型浆液预注浆3种工况模型试验,对比分析隧道内出水,浆液扩散情况、结石体性能等,综合评价浆液注浆效果。结果表明:(1)氯化钙与材料Penetron ADMIX共同使用时互不降低效果,配比为m_(砂)∶m_(石膏)∶m_(水泥)∶m_(水)=1∶0.04∶0.03∶1的速凝浆液综合性能较优。(2)工况一开挖至30 cm附近出水量最大,约385.3 L/h,防突层厚度约12 cm;工况二开挖至37 cm附近出水量较大,约为53.5 L/h,防突层厚度约5 cm;工况三开挖至断层处仅有少量渗水。(3)断层内两种浆液扩散半径均为23 cm,扩散范围相近,但新型浆液固结体抗压强度大于水泥浆液固结体抗压强度,渗透系数远小于水泥浆液的渗透系数。研究确定水泥浆液预注浆可以减少洞内出水量,但防渗漏效果有限;速凝渗透结晶型浆液结石率高、渗透系数低,相同条件下能有效防治隧道渗漏水,注浆效果优于水泥浆液。

In this study,in order to improve the integrated performance of permeable crystallographic grouts and study its grouting effect when used to prevent tunnel leakage,through mechanism analysis and preparation of rapid setting grouts,tunnel pre-grouting model tests in the fault fracture zone are designed,three model tests in three cases are carried out:no grouting,pre-grouting with cement grouts,and pre-grouting with rapid setting permeable crystallographic grout.A comparative analysis is conducted in terms of the water leakage in the tunnel,grout diffusion condition and performance of consolidated grouts,to get integrated evaluation of the grouting effect of the grouts.The results show that:(1)When calcium chloride is used together with the Penetron ADMIX,their effects do not decrease by each other,and the integrated performance of the rapid setting grout with a proportion of mcement:m_(PA)∶m_(CaCl_(2))∶m_(water)=1∶0.04∶0.03∶1 is better.(2)In Case 1,the maximum water leakage occurs when excavated to around 30 cm,with about 385.3 L/h,and the thickness of the inrush prevention layer is about 12 cm;In Case 2,the maximum water leakage occurs when excavated to around 37 cm,with about 53.5 L/h,and the thickness of the inrush prevention layer is about 5 cm;In Case 3,there is only a small amount of water seepage when excavated to the fault.(3)The diffusion radius of both types of grouts within the fault is 23 cm,and the diffusion range is similar.However,the compressive strength of the consolidated new type grouts is greater than that of the consolidated cement grouts,and its permeability coefficient is much smaller than that of the cement grouts.The study shows that pre-grouting with cement grouts can reduce the water leakage in the tunnel,but its anti-leakage effect is limited;the rapid setting permeable crystallographic grout has a high consolidation rate and low permeability coefficient,effectively preventing tunnel leakage under the same conditions,and the grouting effect is better than that of cement grouts.