医务人员血源性职业暴露特点与防控费用研究

Study on Characteristics of Blood-borne Occupational Exposure of Medical Staff and Cost of Prevention and Control

目的探讨医务人员血源性职业暴露发生特点及防控费用,为医疗机构优化职业暴露安全防控提供参考。方法采用回顾性研究方法,收集分析某综合性医院2018年—2022年发生血源性职业暴露的医务人员246例次。结果血源性职业暴露高发于12月至次年1月。工龄<5年医务人员易发生职业暴露(50.4%)。暴露科室以输液室、手术室为主(16.7%、15.0%);暴露源以乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)最为常见。医生、护士高发职业暴露场所分别为手术室、病房。血源性职业暴露平均防控费用为每例302.8元。结论医疗机构应优化职业暴露安全防控体系,提高自我防护意识,建立暴露者追踪提醒机制,降低职业暴露发生率和感染率,降低职业暴露的防控负担。

Objective To explore the characteristics of blood-borne occupational exposure of medical staff and the cost of prevention and control,so as to provide reference for medical institutions to optimize the safety prevention and control of occupational exposure.Methods A retrospective study was conducted to collect and analyze 246 cases of blood-borne occupational exposure among medical staff in a general hospital from 2018 to 2022.Results The incidence of blood-borne occupational exposure was high from December to January.Medical staff with working experience less than 5 years were prone to occupational exposure(50.4%).The exposed departments were mainly infusion room and operating room(16.7%,15.0%).Hepatitis B virus(HBV)was the most common source of exposure.The high-risk occupational exposure places for doctors and nurses were operating room and ward respectively.The average cost of prevention and control of blood-borne occupational exposure was 302.8 yuan per case.Conclusion Medical institutions should optimize the prevention and control system of occupational exposure safety,improve self-protection awareness,establish a follow-up reminder mechanism for the exposed persons,reduce the incidence and infection rate of occupational exposure,and reduce the burden of prevention and control of occupational exposure.