673例急性腹泻患儿诺如病毒GⅠ、GⅡ型感染快速筛查结果分析

Analysis of rapid screening results for norovirus GⅠ,GⅡ infection in 673 children with acute diarrhea

目的分析西安市儿童医院收治的急性腹泻患儿诺如病毒感染的流行病学特征,为西安市儿童诺如病毒防控提供科学依据。方法采用胶体金法检测2021年1月—2022年12月西安市儿童医院收治的673例急性腹泻患儿的粪便样本诺如病毒GⅠ、GⅡ型。结果673例样本中,诺如病毒检出率为20.51%(138/673),138例诺如病毒阳性样本中GⅠ型占34.06%(47/138)、GⅡ型占46.37%(64/138)、GⅠ型/GⅡ型占19.56%(27/138);诺如病毒阳性样本集中在第1季度;男女急性腹泻患儿诺如病毒检出率分别为21.63%(85/393)、18.93%(53/280);年龄<3岁和≥3岁急性腹泻患儿的诺如病毒检出率之间差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.852,P=0.001),其中0~6个月、7~12个月、1~岁、2~岁急性腹泻患儿诺如病毒检出率较高,依次为32.53%、30.48%、23.23%、30.43%;3~岁急性腹泻患儿主要发生诺如病毒GⅠ型/GⅡ型混合感染,占80%。结论西安市急性腹泻患儿感染诺如病毒基因型主要是GⅡ型,春冬季节是高发期,年龄<3岁婴幼儿是诺如病毒易感人群。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of norovirus(NoV)infection in diarrhea patients admitted to Xi’an Children’s Hospital,and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of norovirus in children in Xi’an.Methods From January 2021 to December 2022,fecal samples of 673 children with diarrhea from January 2021 to December 2022 were detected by colloidal gold method for norovirus GⅠand GⅡ.Results Among the 673 samples,the positive rate of norovirus was 20.51%(138/673),and genotype GⅠ accounted for 34.06%(47/138),GⅡ accounted for 46.37%(64/138),and GⅠ/GⅡ+accounted for 19.56%(27/138).The norovirus positive cases in Xi’an were concentrated at the first quarter.The detection rates of male and female were 21.63%(85/393)and 18.93%(53/280),respectively;there was a specific difference in the detection rate between 3 years old and≥3 years old(χ^(2)=3.852,P=0.001).The positive rate of norovirus was higher in 0-6 months,7-12 months,1-year old and 2-year old,which were 32.53%,30.48%,23.23% and 30.43% respectively.Norovirus GⅠ/GⅡ mixed infection occurred mainly in>3 years old,accounting for 80%.Conclusion The genotype of norovirus detection in diarrhea cases of children under 12 years old in Xi’an is mainly GⅡ,the peak of the incidence is in spring and winter,and the age of norovirus susceptibility is within 3 years old.