四川省绵阳市涪城区3个时间段手足口病流行特征及病原学检测结果对比分析

Comparative analysis of epidemic characteristics and pathogenic detection results of hand,foot and mouth disease in Fucheng District,Mianyang City,Sichuan Province in 3 periods

目的对比分析绵阳市涪城区2011—2014年、2015—2018年、2019—2022年3个时间段报告的14559例手足口病流行特征及病原构成情况,为本地区调整手足口病的预防与控制措施和策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对绵阳市涪城区2011—2014年、2015—2018年、2019—2022年3个时间段报告的手足口病流行病学资料(三间分布)及病原检测结果进行统计,并对统计结果进行对比分析。结果2011—2014年、2015—2018年、2019—2022年绵阳市涪城区共报告手足口病病例14559例,无死亡病例,累计报告发病率为202.29/10万,发病率维持在较高水平。各时间段手足口病报告发病率之间,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=121.590,P=0.000)。3个时间段各月均有发病,主要集中在4—7月和10月—次年1月,形成2个发病高峰;3个时间段及累计手足口病城区街道报告发病率均高于农村乡镇(P均<0.05);3个时间段及累计发病年龄段均以0~4岁为主,不同时间段、发病年龄段之间差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);3个时间段及累计发病率男性均高于女性(P均<0.05);3个时间段及累计手足口病以散居儿童发病为主。结论涪城区近10年来手足口病发病率均维持在较高水平,发病病例以5岁以下儿童为主,应加强对5岁以下儿童EV 71疫苗接种,采取综合干预预防措施和策略,防止手足口病的发生与流行。

Objective To compare and analyze the epidemic characteristics and pathogen composition of 14559 cases of hand foot mouth disease reported in Fucheng District of Mianyang City during the 3 periods of 2011-2014,2015-2018 and 2019-2022,further provide scientific basis for adjusting the prevention and control measures and strategies of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)in the region.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological data(3 distributions)and pathogen detection results of HFMD reported in Fucheng District,Mianyang City during 2011-2014,2015-2018 and 2019-2022,and the statistical results were compared and analyzed.Results A total of 14559 HFMD cases were reported in Fucheng District of Mianyang City from 2011 to 2014,2015 to 2018,and 2019 to 2022,with no deaths.The cumulative reported incidence rate was 202.29/100000,and the incidence rate remained at a high level.There was a statistically significant difference in the reported incidence rate of HFMD in each time period(χ^(2)=121.590,P=0.000).All 3 time periods have onset in each month,mainly concentrated in April July and October January of the following year,forming 2 peaks of onset.The incidence rate of HFMD reported by urban streets in the 3 time periods and the cumulative HFMD was higher than that reported by rural villages and towns(P=0.000);The 3 time periods and cumulative age groups of onset are mainly 0-4 years old,and the differences between different time periods and age groups of onset are statistically significant(P<0.05);The incidence rate of male was higher than that of female in 3 time periods and cumulative(P<0.05);Diaspora children are mainly affected.Conclusions Fucheng District is the central urban area of Mianyang City,Sichuan Province.The incidence rate of HFMD,which remained at a high level in the past 10 years,is mainly children under 5 years old.It is necessary to strengthen EV 71 vaccination for children under 5 years old,and take comprehensive intervention and prevention measures and strategies to prevent the occurrence and prevalence of HFMD.