基于适配体的胃癌生物传感器研究与治疗策略

Advancement in Aptamer-based Biosensors for Gastric Cancer and Therapeutic Strategies

早期胃癌的及时诊断对指导治疗方式的选择及延长患者的生存期都具有重要意义。然而目前尚无灵敏、准确且方便的普筛工具,早期胃癌筛查仍依赖于内镜检查。通过消化内镜开展大规模筛查的成本较高,绝大部分国家和地区都无法承担。现阶段已有许多类型的生物标志物被证实具有预测和诊断肿瘤的能力。适配体作为寡核苷酸单链DNA或RNA,通过标签修饰、与各种新型材料偶联等方式,基于荧光、比色、电化学等多种检测策略,可以构建灵敏且可靠的生物传感器;同时分子量小、特异性强及自身生物学特性使其被广泛用于精准医疗领域。本文归纳与总结了基于适配体的胃癌诊断与治疗研究,以帮助研究者快速了解肿瘤适配体筛选思路、生物传感器构建与优化方法及治疗策略,为后续开发符合临床需求的胃癌适配体研究提供参考,辅助内镜检查的开展、诊治和随访。

The timely diagnosis of early gastric cancer is important for guiding the choice of treatment and prolonging the survival of patients.However,current screening of early gastric cancer still relies on endoscopic examination due to the lack of sensitive,accurate,and convenient screening tools.The cost of large-scale screening through gastrointestinal endoscopy is high and many countries and regions cannot afford it.At present,many types of biomarkers have been proved to own the ability to predict and diagnose tumors.Aptamer,as single-stranded oligonucleotides DNA or RNA,can be used to construct sensitive and reliable biosensors based on fluorometry,colorimetric,electrochemistry,etc.through label modification,coupling with various novel materials,etc.Additionally,it is also widely used in the field of precision medicine due to its small molecular weight,high specificity,and natural biological properties.We summarized and concluded aptamer-based gastric cancer diagnostic and therapeutic studies to help researchers quickly get access to tumor-related aptamers screening process,biosensor construction and optimization methods,and therapeutic strategies.This study aimed to provide a reference for the subsequent development of gastric cancer-related aptamers that meet clinical needs and assist in the endoscopic examination,diagnosis,and follow-up.