微生物冷激蛋白家族的进化与功能多样性

Evolution and Functional Diversity of Microbial Cold Shock Proteins

冷激蛋白家族(cold shock proteins,CSPs)在结构和功能上分别是高度保守和多样化的蛋白质。由于家族中蛋白质的同源性很高,冷激蛋白家族多具有相对固定的球状结构,其多作为核酸的分子伴侣,从而对基因的转录和翻译进行调控,以应对各种不利环境条件对细胞的影响,一定程度上恢复生长繁殖等生理功能。目前,诸多研究表明,虽然不同的冷激蛋白质之间拥有高度的同源性,但也存在着差异性,在不同的环境条件下经过自然选择后,冷激蛋白质为了对抗多种应激环境进化出了多种不尽相似的功能,共同组成了冷激蛋白家族,从而表现出其功能的多样性,例如CSPC蛋白可以抑制Ⅲ型分泌系统相关蛋白质的表达,CSPD蛋白主要适用于调节营养缺乏细胞的生长发育,而CSPH蛋白和CSPF蛋白的功能还尚未明确。本文详细说明了冷激蛋白家族之间的高度同源性以及其差异性,通过系统发育树对不同冷激蛋白质之间的遗传距离进行分析,介绍了冷激蛋白家族功能的多样性,以及其在细菌转录和翻译过程中的作用机制进行了总结,对冷激蛋白家族的调控作用进行了介绍,最后对冷激蛋白家族研究现存问题,以及其功能机制的研究和在农业、食品、医疗等方面的应用进行了展望。

Cold shock proteins(CSPs)are highly conserved in structure and diversified in function.Due to the high homology of proteins,the CSP family mostly has a fixed spherical structure.CSPs are mostly the molecular chaperons of nucleic acid,so as to regulate the transcription and translation of genes,so that the cells can recover normal growth and reproduction under adverse environmental conditions.At present,many studies have shown that although CSPs share a high degree of homology,CSPs develop functional diversity to fight against a variety of stress after natural selection under different environmental conditions.For example,CSPC protein can inhibit the expression of related proteins in the typeⅢsecretory system,and CSPD protein is mainly suitable for regulating the growth and development of nutrient-deficient cells,while the functions of CSPH and CSPF proteins remain unclear.At first,this paper summarized the details of the high homology and the diversity between CSPs family members.Secondly,the phylogenetic tree for the genetic distance between different CSPs was analyzed.The functional diversity of the family and their mechanisms in transcription and translation levels were also summarized.Finally,the existing problems of the CSP family research and their application in agriculture,food and medical fields are reviewed.