脱贫地区劳动密集型产业高质量发展的战略选择

Strategic Choices for High-quality Development of Labor-intensive Industries in Areas Lifted out of Poverty

促进脱贫地区劳动密集型产业高质量发展,是巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果、全面推进乡村振兴的重要途径。基于对新疆、江苏、安徽、云南、贵州等省(区)包括纺织服装、电子产品组装、毛绒玩具、毛发制品、箱包鞋帽袜、食品加工等在内的劳动密集型产业的调研发现:得益于脱贫攻坚期间高强度的政策支持,脱贫地区劳动密集型产业实现了从无到有的跨步,部分地区产业体系初步建立,并创新形成了一批可复制可推广的发展模式。但总体上看,脱贫地区劳动密集型产业仍处于起步阶段,小散弱、韧性不足、竞争力不强等问题突出,尤其是受限于基础条件、经济下行压力等外部约束,当前存续和发展压力前所未有。为此,需要牢牢把握“创核、接链、建节”的战略思路,抓好落实“遴选产业类型、优化区域布局、促进产业升级、创新发展模式、加强主体培育”五大重点任务,强化顶层设计,优化配套政策,推动脱贫地区劳动密集型产业高质量发展。

Promoting the high-quality development of labor-intensive industries in areas lifted out of poverty is an important way to consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation and comprehensively promote rural revitalization.Based on research on labor-intensive industries in Xinjiang,Jiangsu,Anhui,Yunnan,Guizhou and other provinces(regions),including textile and clothing,electronic product assembly,plush toys,hair products,luggage,shoes,hats,socks,food processing,etc.,it is found that thanks to the strong policy support during the poverty alleviation campaign,labor-intensive industries in areas lifted out of poverty have achieved a leap from scratch,and some regions have initially established industrial systems,and innovative development models that can be replicated and promoted have been formed.However,overall,labor-intensive industries in areas lifted out of poverty are still in their early stages,with prominent problems such as weak fragmentation,insufficient resilience,and weak competitiveness.In particular due to external constraints such as basic conditions and economic downward pressure,the current pressure for survival and development is unprecedented.To this end,it is necessary to firmly grasp the strategic thinking of“creating cores,linking links,and building festivals”,implement the five key tasks of“selecting industry types,optimizing regional layout,promoting industrial upgrading,innovating development models,and strengthening subject cultivation”,strengthen top-level design,optimize supporting policies,and promote the high-quality development of labor-intensive industries in areas lifted out of poverty.