以知信行理论为基础的生命教育对老年终末期患者希望水平及心理状态影响

Effects of KAP-based life education on hope level and mental state of end-stage elderly patients

目的探究老年终末期患者接受以知信行(KAP)理论为基础的生命教育对患者希望水平及心理状态影响。方法回顾性选取2018年12月~2021年12月期间张家口市第一医院收治的150例老年终末期患者相关资料,依据患者教育方式将患者分为对照组(n=72)与观察组(n=78),对照组接受常规生命教育,观察组患者接受以KAP理论为基础生命教育。比较两组患者教育前后心理状态评分、希望水平、生命态度,不良风险发生率。结果两组患者教育后抑郁自评量表(SDS)与焦虑自评量表(SAS)等心理状态评分较教育前显著改善,且观察组显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=5.462、12.446,P<0.05)。两组患者教育后与他人保持密切关系、采取积极行动、对目前与未来态度等希望水平较教育前显著提高,且观察组上述希望水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=4.305、5.919、5.364、6.652,P<0.05)。两组患者教育后自然、趋近、逃离接受,死亡逃避与死亡恐惧等生命态度评分较教育前显著改善,且观察组自然、趋近、逃离接受评分高于对照组,死亡逃避与死亡恐惧评分评分显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=6.951、7.822、5.689、6.222、8.222,P<0.05);观察组患者教育后不良风险发生率(6.41%)显著低于对照组(16.67%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.919,P<0.05)。结论老年终末期患者接受以KAP理论为基础生命教育有助于提高患者希望水平,缓解患者不良心理,临床应用价值优异。

Objective To investigate the effects of knowledge,attitude,and practice(KAP)-based life education on hope level and mental state of end-stage elderly patients.Methods Relevant data of 150 end-stage elderly patients admitted to the hospital from December 2018 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into control group(n=72)and study group(n=78)according to the way of education.The control group received routine life education,and the study group received KAP-based life education.The score for mental state,hope level and attitude towards life,and the incidence of adverse events were compared between the two groups.Results After education,the self-rating depression scale(SDS)scores and self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)scores in the two groups were significantly improved,and the scores in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group(t=5.462,12.446,P<0.05).After education,the hope level scores for maintaining close relationship with others,taking positive actions,and attitude towards present and future in the two groups increased significantly,and the scores in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group(t=4.305,5.919,5.364,6.652,P<0.05).The attitude towards life scores for naturalness,approach,escape and acceptance,death avoidance and fear of death in the two groups were significantly improved after education,and the scores for naturalness,approach,escape and acceptance in the study group were higher than those in the control group,and the scores for death avoidance and fear of death were significantly lower than those in the control group(t=6.951,7.822,5.689,6.222,8.222,P<0.05).The incidence of adverse events in study group after education(6.41%)was significantly lower than that in control group(16.67%)(χ^(2)=3.919,P<0.05).Conclusion KAP-based life education can help to improve hope level and relieve negative emotions of end-stage elderly patients.