南方地区五种常用粗饲料营养价值评估及其在水牛瘤胃中的降解特性研究

Evaluation of the nutritional value of five commonly used forages in southern China and their degradation characteristics in the rumen of buffalo

试验旨在探讨甘蔗尾叶、稻草、麦秸、象草、燕麦草5种粗饲料在水牛瘤胃中的降解率和营养价值的差异,为寻找营养更均衡、成本更低的粗饲料原料做参考。采用三头安装有永久瘤胃瘘管的水牛作为试验动物,设置4、8、12、24、48、72 h六个时间点,测定5种粗饲料的常规营养成分以及水牛对5种粗饲料的干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的瘤胃降解率和降解参数。结果表明:麦秸的CP含量为4.99%,显著低于其他粗饲料(P<0.05),燕麦草的NDF和ADF含量分别为49.76%和31.44%,显著低于其他粗饲料(P<0.05)。燕麦草的DM和CP有效降解率分别为55.76%和58.18%,显著高于其他粗饲料(P<0.05),甘蔗尾叶和象草的DM和CP次之,分别为44.64%、44.12%和45.09%、47.60%,麦秸的DM和CP有效降解率分别为32.54%和32.61%,显著低于燕麦草、甘蔗尾叶和象草(P<0.05),稻草的DM和CP有效降解率较麦秸分别提高了7.05%和3.45%,二者差异不显著(P>0.05)。5种粗饲料的NDF和ADF有效降解率无显著差异(P>0.05),麦秸的有效降解率最低,分别为29.45%和29.06%。总体来看,5种粗饲料均在8~48 h内降解率升高明显,4~8 h以及48~72 h时变化不明显。综上,燕麦草、甘蔗尾叶和象草降解率高,是较好的粗饲料选择,其中燕麦草的品质最高。稻草和麦秸的降解率低,最好能做进一步处理加以利用。

The purpose of the experiment was to explore the difference of degradation rate and nutritional value of five kinds of roughage in buffalo rumen,including sugarcane tail leaf,rice straw,wheat straw,elephant grass and oat grass,so as to provide a reference for finding roughage raw materials with more balanced nutrition and lower cost.Three buffaloes with permanent rumen fistula were used as test animals,the routine nutrient components of five roughages,and the rumen degradation rate and degradation parameters of dry matter(DM),crude protein(CP),neutral detergent fiber(NDF),acid detergent fiber(ADF)were determined.The results showed that the CP content of wheat straw was 4.99%,which was significantly lower than that of other roughages(P<0.05).The NDF and ADF content of oat grass were 49.76%and 31.44%,respectively,which were significantly lower than that of other roughages(P<0.05).The effective degradation rates of DM and CP of oat straw were 55.76%and 58.18%,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of other roughages(P<0.05).The DM and CP of sugarcane tail leaf and elephant grass were followed by 44.64%,44.12%and 45.09%,47.60%,respectively.The effective degradation rates of DM and CP of wheat straw were 32.54%and 32.61%,respectively,which were significantly lower than those of oat straw,sugarcane tail leaf and elephant grass(P<0.05).The effective degradation rates of DM and CP of rice straw were increased by 7.05%and 3.45%,respectively,compared with wheat straw.There was no significant difference between them(P>0.05).The effective degradation rates of NDF and ADF of five roughages had no significant difference(P>0.05),and the effective degradation rates of wheat straw were the lowest,which was 29.45%and 29.06%,respectively.In general,the degradation rates of the five kinds of roughages increased significantly from 8 h to 48 h,but did not change significantly from 4 h to 8 h and 48 h to 72 h.The results indicated that oat grass,sugarcane tail leaf and elephant grass had high degradation rate and were good choices for roughage,among which oat grass had the highest quality.The degradation rate of rice straw and wheat straw was low,which should be further treated and utilized.