酵母细胞壁对白羽肉鸡肠道发育的影响

Effect of yeast cell wall on intestinal development in broiler

为了探明酵母细胞壁(YCW)对肉鸡小肠各段肠道组织形态、肠道内容物PH值和肠道微生物的影响,选用1日龄科宝肉鸡200只,随机分为4个组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组A饲喂基础日粮,试验组B、C和D在基础日粮中分别添加250、500 g/t和1000 g/t YCW,试验期42 d,在21日龄和42日龄测量了小肠各段长度和重量,在42日龄采集了各段肠道食糜检测pH值和HE染色,将42日龄采集的盲肠食糜采用16S高通量检测微生物多样性。结果表明:(1)在21日龄时:与对照组相比,添加500 g/t YCW组的空肠长度显著提高(P<0.05);添加500 g/t YCW组十二指肠和空肠的相对长度显著提高(P<0.05);添加1000 g/t YCW组十二指肠重量和相对重量显著提高(P<0.05)。(2)42日龄各组间的小肠各段肠绒毛高度和肠隐窝深度的差异不显著(P>0.05)。(3)与对照组相比,试验组肠道食糜pH都有所下降,各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。(4)肉鸡盲肠微生物群落ASV、等级丰度曲线和稀释曲线分析表明,随着YCW添加量的加大,盲肠ASV/OTU总数目和独有数目会减少。Alpha多样性分析表明,添加250 g/t YCW组的微生物菌落多样性和菌落丰富度表现最佳,各组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。肉鸡盲肠微生物LEfSe分析基于分类等级树的组间差异分类单元展示,o_Lactobacillales、g_Enterococcus、f_Enterococcaceae、g__cc_115在各组中差异表达,o_Lactobacillales、g_Enterococcus、f_Enterococcaceae在A组中的丰度最高,g__cc_11在C组中的丰度最高。以上结果表明,YCW的添加可改善和维持肠道酸性环境,促进肉鸡养殖前期肠道发育,调控肠道微生物丰度,促进肠道健康,提高养殖生产效益。

To investigate the effects of Yeast cell wall(YCW)on serum physiology and biochemistry,serum inflammatory factors,intestinal morphology,pH value of intestinal contents and intestinal microorganisms in broiler.A total of 2001-day-old broilers were randomly assigned into 4 dietary treatments(A、B、C and D):0,250,500 and 1000 g/t YCW.The experiment lasted for 42 days.The length and weight of each segment of small intestine were measured at 21 and 42 days of age,and the intestinal digesta was collected at 42 days of age for pH and HE staining.The cecal digesta collected at 42 days of age was detected by 16 S high throughput for microbial diversity.The results showed as follows:(1)At 21 days of age:compared with the control group,the jejunum length in 500 g/t YCW group was significantly increased(P<0.05);The relative length of duodenum and jejunum in 500 g/t YCW group was significantly increased(P<0.05);Duodenal weight and relative weight of 1000 g/t YCW group were significantly increased(P<0.05).(2)There were no significant differences in villus height and crypt depth among all groups at 42 days of age(P>0.05).(3)Compared with the control group,the pH value of intestinal chyme in experimental groups was decreased,and there was no significant difference among all groups(P>0.05).(4)The analysis of ASV,grade abundance curve and dilution curve of cecal microbial community of broiler showed that the total and unique number of ASV/OTU in cecal would decrease with the increase of YCW supplemental level.The Alpha diversity analysis showed that the microbial colony diversity and colony richness of 250 g/t YCW group were the best,and there was no significant difference among all groups(P>0.05).LEfSe analysis of cecal microorganisms in broiler showed that o_Lactobacillales,g_Enterococcus,f_Enterococcaceae and g__cc_115 were differently-expressed in each group based on classification rank tree.o_Lactobacillales,g_Enterococcus and f_Enterococcaceae had the highest abundance in group A,while g__cc_11 had the highest abundance in group C.In conclusion,the above results indicate that the addition of YCW improves and maintains intestinal acid environment,promotes intestinal development,regulates intestinal microbial abundance,promotes intestinal health and improves breeding production efficiency of broiler in the early stage of breeding.