青海回族托茂人语言适应行为研究

A Study on Language Adaptation Behavior of Tuomao People in Qinghai Province

托茂人分布在青海和新疆两地,自1958年,青海托茂人由原居住地青海省海晏县迁往祁连县托勒牧场,60多年来青海托茂人的语言适应经历了三个阶段:蒙古语为主、汉语为辅,汉语为主、多语并用和蒙古语极度濒危、汉语单语阶段。其语言适应行为具有代际差异性、实用性、建构性等特点,而这种语言适应行为背后是民族杂居地区不同民族交往交流交融在语言层面的体现。

Tuomao people are distributed in Qinghai Province and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Since 1958,Tuomao people in Qinghai have moved from Haiyan County in Qinghai Province to Tuole Ranch in Qilian County.Over the past 60 years,the language adaptation of Tuomao people in Qinghai has gone through three stages:mainly using Mongolian language with Chinese supplementation,mainly Chinese with multilingual,and Chinese monolingual(Mongolian language critically endangered).Their language adaptation behavior has characteristics such as intergenerational differences,practicality,and constructiveness,and behind this language adaptation behavior is the reflection of the communication and integration of different ethnic groups in mixed ethnic areas at the language level.