比例连带责任在无意思联络数人侵权中的适用

The Application of Proportional Joint and Several Liability in the Innocent Contact Number of People Infringing

无意思联络数人侵权不足以导致全部损害的,在满足“综合关联共同性”时存在连带责任的适用可能。为缓和全部连带的严苛性,我国在立法与司法上实质性地引入了比例连带责任,但仅限于特定原因力组合的案型。美国法上的混合责任与日本法上的部分连带责任在原因力类型多样化上的包容经验,为我国比例连带责任有条件地开放适用提供了有益借鉴。比例连带责任的本土内涵为“原因力相当”范围内的赔偿责任,构筑其启动条件时无需强调“原因力显著微小”这一要素。比例连带责任的运用主要从两个层面展开:对外向受害人进行比例连带时汲取传统连带责任的部分理论构造双重抗辩,对内向其他侵权人追偿时就实际清偿部分依照原因力比例划分最终份额。

When the“comprehensive relevance commonality”is satisfied,it is possible to apply joint and several liability for the indivisible injury caused by independent torts.In order to alleviate the strictness of all joint and several liability,China has substantially introduced proportional joint and several liability in legislation and justice,but it is only limited to the specific combination of causal forces.The diversity of causation types of the mixed liability of the United States and the partial joint and several liability of Japan will promote the conditional and open application of proportional joint and several liability in China.The local connotation of proportional joint and several liability is compensation liability within the scope of“equivalent cause force”.It is not necessary to emphasize the element of“significantly small cause force”when constructing its starting conditions.The application of proportional joint and several liability is mainly carried out from two aspects:when carrying out proportional joint and several liability to the victim externally,refer to some theories of joint and several liability,and when recovering from other infringers,determine the final share according to the actual repayment share according to the share liability theory.