去巧致道:《庄子》技术哲学思想探微

Removal of Tricky to Achieve Dao:Exploring the Technical Thought of Zhuangzi

《庄子》以寓言为主要形式对先秦时代的技术现象作了充分的展示与探讨,涉及到技术的本质与实现方式,技术与人、自然及社会的关系,技术的形而上学与价值特征等诸多技术哲学的典型命题,显露出浓厚的技术哲学特征。《庄子》技术哲学思想的主要特点是在技术路径上推崇“技进乎道”的技术实现方式,即主张发展专注无思的肉体劳动式的个人技艺;批判机巧的技术实现方式,即反对工具、技巧的使用与创新。总之是关注内在而反对外求,重视直觉领悟而反对思辨分析,与古希腊的技术思想呈现出大致相反的倾向,也因此对科技的发展产生了不同的影响。

Zhuangzi's fables are the main form of the discussion of the technological phenomena in the pre-Qin period,which involve many typical propositions of the philosophy of technology,such as the nature and realization of technologythe relationship between technology and man,nature and so ciety,and the metaphysics and value characteristics of technology,revealing strong characteristics of the philosophy of technology.The main feature of Zhuangzi's technical thought is that it advocates the technical realization of"technology into the Dao",it advocates the development of personal skills in the form of carnal labor without thinking;it criticizes the technical realization of mechanics,it opposes the use and innovation of tools and techniques.In short,it is concerned with the internal and opposes the external,and values intuitive understanding and opposes discursive analysis,showing a tendency roughly opposite to the technical thought of ancient Greek philosophy,and therefore has a different influence on the development of science and technology.