墨家科学技术知识的自然哲学基础

The Natural Philosophy Foundation of Mohist Knowledge of Science and Technology

先秦唯墨家“颇治科学”,墨家在几何学、力学、光学等领域取得了卓越的成就。科学与自然哲学有深刻的内在联系,从根本上看,墨家科学成就是建立在其自然哲学基础上的。在认识论上,墨家坚持世界是可知的,知识是对客观事物的反映,认识是一个从感性认识到理性认识的过程。在方法论上,墨家系统研究了分类法、概念定义法和逻辑推理法,并将其运用到探究自然万物的研究中,开辟了一条独特的自然知识之路。总体上看,这是一种物理型的认识论和方法论,它坚持主客二分,以自然的东西说明自然,与西方自然哲学具有一定相似性。

In the Pre-qin period,only the Mohist attached importance to science,and made great achievements in the fields of geometry,mechanics and optics.Science and natural philosophy have a deep internal relationship.Fundamentally,the Mohists scientific achievements are based on its natural philosophy.In epistemology,the Mohist insists that the world is knowable,knowledge is the reflection of objective things,and cognition is a process from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge.In methodology,the Mohist systematically studied the methods of classification,concept definition and logical reasoning,and applied them to the scientific research of nature,which opens up a unique road of natural knowledge.On the whole,this is a physical epistemology and methodology,which insists on the separation of subject and object,with natural things to explain nature.It shares some similarities with Western natural philosophy.