“两山论”下我国沿海湿地管理体制的优化路径

The optimization path of China's coastal wetlands and management system under the"Two Mountains Theory"

“两山论”要求环境保护与经济发展双赢,滨海湿地具有典型的生态和经济双重价值,在保护的同时也不可偏废合理利用,以实现生态、经济社会、价值的统一。《湿地保护法》规定的重要滨海湿地中央集中监管为主、地方具体管理的监管体制,虽注重了生态保护,却限制了其合理开发利用,而一般滨海湿地的开发利用和保护均由地方政府监管,则可能导致生态环境保护不力。对此可借鉴环境联邦主义中有关环境集权与分权的研究成果,对重要滨海湿地强化分权,以激励地方政府管理积极性,对一般滨海湿地则要加强中央监管,以防生态退化。

The"Two Mountains Theory"requires a win-win situation between ecological environment protection and economic and social development.Coastal wetlands have typical ecological and economic dual values,and while being protected,reasonable development and utilization cannot be neglected to achieve the unity of ecological,social,and economic values.The current regulatory system for important coastal wetlands,which is mainly centralized with local governments responsible for specific management implementation according to the Wetland Protection Law,focuses on ecological protection but limits reasonable development and utilization.On the other hand,the development and protection of general coastal wetlands are supervised by local governments,which may lead to inadequate environmental protection.To address this issue,lessons can be learned from the research on environmental federalism,with an emphasis on both centralization and decentralization.Specifically,for important coastal wetlands,decentralization should be strengthened to incentivize local government involvement,while for general coastal wetlands,central supervision should be enhanced to prevent ecological degradation.