国土空间规划体系下海洋空间资源管理问题研究

Research on the Management of Marine Spatial Resources under the Planning System of National Land Space

海洋空间资源是海洋资源的重要组成部分,合理开发利用海洋空间资源对实现海洋经济可持续发展具有重要意义。文章以国家机构改革和国土空间规划体系构建为背景,从规划编制、审批许可、执法监督三个环节入手,分析了我国海洋空间资源管理现状,发现当前海洋空间资源管理存在精细化管理工具缺失、立体用海管理不足、管理权责有待完善、防灾减灾重视不够等问题,提出了开展涉海详细规划编制、完善海域立体分层确权管理、优化海上构筑物弃置管理、建立协调机制和合作关系、建立海洋灾害管理体系等建议,为完善国土空间规划体系、提高海洋空间资源利用效率提供参考。

Marine spatial resources are an important part of marine resources,and the reasonable development and utilization of marine spatial resources is of great significance to achieve sustainable development of the marine economy.On the background of national institutional reform and the construction of the planning system of national land space,this paper analyzes the current situation of marine spatial resources supervision in China from three aspects:planning preparation,approval and licensing,and law enforcement supervision.As a result,we find such problems as lack of delicacy management tools,insufficient management of three-dimensional use of the sea,imperfection of management right and responsibility,and insufficient attention to disaster prevention and mitigation,etc.Thus suggestions are made to carry out detailed planning,to establish coordination mechanism and cooperation,to improve the system for the three-dimensional multilayer usufruct of sea areas,to improve the management of the abandonment of offshore structures,to establish a system of marine disaster prevention,etc.,in order to provide reference for the improvement of both the planning system of national land space and the utilization efficiency of marine spatial resources.