“易象通于比兴”:章学诚比兴诠释的学术史意义

“Yi Xiang Equivalent to Bi Xing”:the Academic History Meaning of Zhang Xuecheng’s Interpretation of Bixing

章学诚的比兴诠释植根于特定的时代与学术背景,针对比兴之公共性及其象喻传统的失落而发。“易象通于比兴”命题的标举,正在于揭示比兴在官师合一、文道合一的时代作为公共符号的深层文化原型,以及作为兴情传统与象喻传统的历史根源。章氏一方面积极肯定比兴的兴情传统及其价值,另一方面又力图重振比兴即象取义、联类比推的象喻传统,其目的并非求证比兴作为文学特质的审美自律属性,而在于重建比兴的公共符号性质,回归文道合一的理想之境。此一主张,内在地寄寓着学问之道指向当前治道人心、关怀社会、介入现实的精神旨趣。

Zhang Xuecheng’s interpretation of Bixing is rooted in a specific era and academic background,aiming at both the public nature of Bixing and the loss of its tradition of imagery figurativeness.The standardization of the proposition“Yixiang Equivalent to Bixing”is to reveal the deep cultural prototype of Bi Xing as a public symbol in the era not only of the unity of officials and teachers,but also of the unity of literature and Taoism,uncovering the historical roots of its traditions of both emotions and imagery figurativeness.On the one hand,Zhang positively affirmed the tradition of emotion and its value of Bixing.On the other hand,he tried hard to revitalize the tradition of gaining meaning through image and analogy of Bixing,The purpose is not to verify the aesthetic self-discipline attribute of Bixing as a literary peculiarity,but to reconstruct the public symbolic nature of Bixing,returning to the ideal state of combining literature and Taoism.This proposition inherently embodies the spiritual purport of the fact that the way of learning points to the current governance of public feeling,the loving care for society,and the intervention in reality.