固态锂电池复合固态电解质研究进展

Research Progress of Composite Solid-state Electrolytes for Solid-state Lithium Batteries

固态锂电池因质量轻、安全性高、能量密度大、循环寿命长等优点而备受关注,具有广阔的应用前景。其工作原理与传统锂电池基本相同,最大的区别在于电解质不同,固态锂电池采用固态电解质。作为全固态锂离子电池的核心部件,固态电解质的研发是固态锂电池发展的关键因素。目前单一的固态电解质存在着离子电导率低、锂沉积产生锂枝晶而刺穿隔膜、界面不稳定等问题,无法很好地满足固态锂电池的性能要求。而由无机填料和聚合物固态电解质复合而成的复合固态电解质,兼具多种固态电解质的优点,具有稳定的物理和电化学特性,近年来的研究使得离子电导率和电化学稳定性得以提升,综合性能超越了单一的固态电解质。通过精确控制复合固态电解质的组分和结构,可以实现对其各方面物理化学性质的调控。未来的重点研究方向是调整改进复合固态电解质中各种材料的比例,或者探索具有更优异性能的电解质及其辅助材料,开发综合性能优异的新型固态电解质材料。

Solid-state lithium batteries have attracted much attention due to their advantages such as light weight,high safety,high energy density and long cycle life,and have broad application prospects.Their working principle is basically the same as that of traditional lithium batteries,and the biggest difference is in the electrolytes.Solid-state lithium batteries use solid-state electrolytes.The development of solid-state electrolytes,the core component of all-solid-state lithium ion batteries,is a key factor in the development of solid-state lithium batteries.Currently,single solid-state electrolytes have various problems such as the low ionic conductivity,the penetration of separator by lithium dendrites due to lithium deposition and the interfacial instability,failing to meet the performance requirements of solid-state lithium batteries.However,the composite solid-state electrolytes composed of inorganic fillers and solid polymer electrolytes have the advantages of multiple solidstate electrolytes and exhibit stable physical and electrochemical properties.Their ionic conductivity and elec-trochemical stability have been improved in the recent researches,and their comprehensive performance surpassed that of single solid-state electrolytes.By precisely controlling the components and structure of composite solid-state electrolytes,their various physical and chemical properties can be regulated.The future research direction is to adjust and improve the proportions of various materials in composite solid-state electrolytes,explore electrolytes and auxiliary materials with better performance and develop new solid-state electrolyte ma-terials with excellent comprehensive performance.