南极治理新态势与中国应对

New Developments in Antarctic Governance and China’s Response

全球化、气候变化与科学技术的高速发展凸显了南极治理的固有缺陷。当前,南极治理呈现权力再中心化、治理规则软法化、价值理念冲突加剧等一系列新态势。究其根源,在于南极垄断集团寻求主权优势、南极法律的“模糊性建构”、自由主义理念固有缺陷。这不仅导致南极治理陷入困境,而且为中国的南极参与带来诸多挑战。中国是南极事务的主要参与者与积极建设者,长期以来坚定地维护现行南极治理机制,已成为优化南极治理的重要力量,肩负着维护南极和平与稳定的责任。面对南极治理新态势,中国应避免陷入地缘政治对抗,加强多层次、多领域的南极国际合作,打破南极垄断集团的权力再中心化;加强对南极条约体系的法律研究尤其是软法研究;积极参加南极协商会议工作组与会间联络组,优化中国的南极话语叙事。同时,通过在物质、制度、价值等方面提供全球公共产品,中国积极推动人类命运共同体从理念到实践的转化。

Antarctic governance has moved from the regional to the global level.At present,Antarctic governance presents a series of new developments,such as the recentralization of power,the soft legality of rules,and the commercialization of values.These new developments are rooted in the quest for Antarctic sovereignty by Antarctic monopolies,the“ambiguous construction”of Antarctic Treaty System,and the inherent flaws of the liberal philosophy.This has not only led to a dilemma in Antarctic governance,but also posed many challenges for China’s Antarctic engagement.China is a major participant and active builder in Antarctic governance,and has long been firmly committed to upholding the existing Antarctic governance regime and assuming Antarctic-related responsibilities.In the face of the new situations of Antarctic governance,China should avoid falling into the geopolitical confrontation,further strengthen international cooperation in Antarctic,enhance legal research on the Antarctic Treaty System,actively participate into the Working Group and ICG of the ATCM,and optimize China’s Antarctic discourse narrative,in order to complete the transformation of the Community with a Shared Future for Mankind from concept to practice.