道制发展演变视角下的秦汉边郡民族国家认同研究

Research on the National Identity of the Minority Regions in Qinhan Dynasty from the Perspective of the Development and Evolution of Dao System

道制是秦汉时期在边郡民族地区设置的一种特殊的地方民族管理建置,其级别相当于县。道制从秦到东汉的时空演变,在制度层面可以被看作是道制逐渐向郡县制发展演变的过程,在政治层面,可以被理解为道制管理下的边郡民族逐渐对秦汉王朝国家进行国家认同的发展过程。道制管理下秦汉边郡民族的国家认同颇具特色,即王朝统治者始终将国家认同置于民族认同之上,既采取自上而下的国家强制力进行维系,又制定相关法律来支撑边郡民族的国家认同建构。同时,道制管理下民族间的相互交融也促进了边郡民族的国家认同。

The Dao system was one of the distinctive ethnic management systems in the formation of the unified multi-ethnic state in the Qin dynasty.The temporal and spatial development of the Dao system from the Qin dynasty to the Eastern Han dynasty can be seen at the system level as the process of the gradual development of the Dao system into the county system.In the political level,it can be understood as the development process of the national identity of the Qinhan dynasty gradually by the border county nationality under the administration of the Dao system.Its characteristic was bright.The dynastic rulers always placed national identity above ethnic identity,and adopted top-down national coercion to maintain it.At the same time,relevant laws were enacted to support the construction of the national identity of the border county nationality.In addition,the integration of ethnic groups under the Dao system also promoted the national identity of the border county nationality.