有生量词的方言分布及类型特征研究

On the Dialect Distribution of Animate Classifiers and Typological Features

通过考察汉语方言有生量词的使用情况发现,不像其他语言的数分类词系统,汉语方言量词系统没有将“人/非人”“有生/无生”或者“人/动物/无生”等特征区别开来。汉语方言称量“人”和“动物”主要使用通用量词和形状量词,虽然有少数专用的量人量词和动物量词,但使用的限制多、范围窄,不具有普遍性。汉语方言的植物量词具有类型学共性,都来源于植物或植物部件,并且可以演变成形状量词。汉语方言有生量词系统应该属于一种比较特殊的量词类型。

By investigating the use of the classifiers that measure animate things in dialects,we find that unlike other numeral classifier systems,Chinese classifier system does not strictly distinguish“human/nonhuman”,“animate/inanimate”or“human/animal/inanimate”.Chinese usually adopts universal classifiers and shape classifiers to measure“human”and“animal”,although there are a few classifiers for specially measuring human and animals,its usage range is limited.The classifiers of measuring“plant”have the commonness of typology.They are all derived from plants or plant parts,and can evolve into shape classifiers.The Chinese classifier system of measuring living things should belong to a special type of classifier system.