海南岛土地利用变化对生态环境质量的影响

The Influence of Land Use Change on Ecological Environmental Quality in Hainan Island

评估海南岛土地利用变化对生态环境质量的影响,为海南岛的经济与生态可持续发展提供实践指导.利用2000年、2010年和2020年的土地利用数据,采用ArcGIS10.3软件与InVEST模型分析海南岛的生态环境质量演变特征.结果表明:2000年-2020年人造地表面积的增加来源于耕地、草地与海域面积的减少;草地转出、耕地转出、人造地表转入和森林转入这4种地类的转移最为显著;2000年、2010年和2020年海南岛的平均生态环境质量总得分为0.409,0.431,0.404,表现为中等的生态环境质量水平且呈逐渐下降的态势;由于城市建设与经济发展的需求,土地利用结构在不同发展阶段有差异性.海南岛的土地利用对生态环境质量的影响具有区域差异性,未来应以土地低碳利用为目标,推动土地减排与生态协调发展.

This paper uses the ArcGIS10.3 and InVEST models to evaluate the impact of land use change on habitat quality in Hainan Island in 2000,2010 and 2020 respectively,revealing the spatiotemporal evolution pattern of land use change and habitat quality,and providing practical guidance for the economic development and ecological sustainability of Hainan Island.Results show that the area of arable land and grassland continues to decrease from 2000 to 2020,while the artificial surface area continues to increase.The increase in artificial surface land types comes from the reduction of arable land,grassland,and sea areas.The transfer of four land types is the most significant,which is the transfer-out of grassland and cultivated land,and the transfer-in of artificial surface and forest.Among them,the transfer of forest land turning to cultivated land and artificial surface is more obvious,and the transfer of cultivated land turning to artificial surface is also more prominent.The total average ecological environment quality scores of Hainan Island in 2000,2010,and 2020 were 0.409,0.431,and 0.404,indicating a downward trend in ecological environment quality,showing a moderate level of ecological environment quality.There are differences in land use transfer changes at different time stages,which are related to the needs of urban construction and economic development.There are significant differences in the impact of land use on habitat quality in Hainan Island.In the future,low-carbon land use should be the goal to promote land emission reduction and coordinated ecological development.