巴西新能源领域国际合作现状与趋势

Status and trends of international cooperation in the field of new energy in Brazil

巴西可再生能源种类众多、禀赋优越、规模巨大,在一次能源消费结构中占比近50%,且仍在快速攀升。巴西政府积极履行气候承诺,大力推动绿色和低碳经济,通过新能源项目拍卖广泛开展国际合作。新能源拍卖目前以风能项目为主,占比为67.40%,价格较低;生物质能占比21.96%,太阳能占比10.64%,项目较少且价格偏高。近年来,壳牌公司在巴西连续布局光伏、海上风电和生物燃料等新能源项目。道达尔能源公司通过其子公司在巴西投资新能源项目。bp公司与巴西公司合作,扩展新能源业务。艾奎诺公司计划在巴西海岸附近建造世界上最大的海上风电场。中国企业布局巴西新能源,主要以国家电网、三峡集团和中广核等大型能源企业为主,中国石油公司在巴西新能源领域投资尚处于前期准备、项目研究阶段。借鉴在油气行业积累的丰富经验,中国石油可考虑适时进入巴西新能源市场,其中风能和太阳能领域可以联合投标方式进入,在生物质能领域可以小股东方式进入。

Brazil has a wide range of renewable energy sources with excellent endowment and huge scale,accounting for nearly 50% of the primary energy consumption structure,and still climbing rapidly.The Brazilian government actively fulfills its climate commitments,vigorously promotes green and low-carbon economies,and extensively carries out international cooperation through auctions of new energy projects.New energy auctions are currently dominated by wind energy projects,accounting for 67.40%,with lower prices.Biomass accounts for 21.96%and solar energy accounts for 10.64%,with fewer projects and higher prices.In recent years,Shell has been continuously laying out such new energy projects in Brazil as photovoltaic,offshore wind power,and biofuels.Total Energy is investing in new energy projects in Brazil through its subsidiaries.bp expands its new energy business by cooperating with Brazilian companies.Equinor plans to build the world's largest offshore wind farm near the Brazilian coast.Chinese companies laying out new energy in Brazil are mainly such large energy companies as State Grid,China Three Gorges Corporation,and China General Nuclear Power.Chinese oil companies' investment in Brazil's new energy sector is still in the preliminary preparation and project study stage.Drawing on its rich experience in the oil and gas industry,CNPC can consider entering Brazil's new energy market in due course,including wind and solar energy in the form of joint bidding,and biomass in the form of small shareholders.