辅助解便护理床的结构设计与分析

Structural design and analysis of nursing bed for assisted defecation

为满足长期卧床患者的日常照护需求,更好地解决床上大小便护理过程中的难题,设计了一款用于辅助大小便护理的新型护理床。基于人机工程学原理,设计了护理床的整体结构和运动机构,在抬背和屈腿的坐姿变换机构基础上,增加分腿机构和臀板下降机构,并建立了三维模型。通过机构运动学模型研究抬背、屈腿和分腿机构的运动参数,并对各机构进行了运动仿真,得到机构运动位移、速度和加速度曲线。结果表明:各机构运动平稳,速度和加速度的变化比较平缓,保证了护理床坐姿变换过程中病人的舒适性和安全性。该护理床可实现不同分腿角度功能和臀板自动下降功能,使解便过程更加便捷,充分满足了长期卧床失能人群的辅助解便护理需求。

In order to meet the daily care needs of long-term bedridden patients and better solve the problems of bed defecation care,in this article a new nursing bed for assisted defecation is developed.According to the principles of ergonomics,the nursing bed's overall structure and motion mechanism are designed.On the basis of the sitting-position changing mechanism for back-lifting and leg-bending,the leg-splitting mechanism and the hip-plate descent mechanism are added,and the 3D model was set up.The kinematic model of the mechanism is used to explore the motion parameters of the mechanism with back-lifting,leg-bending and leg-splitting.The motion simulation is carried out on each mechanism,so as to obtain the curves of displacement,velocity and acceleration.The results show that each mechanism is moving steadily,with gentle changes in velocity and acceleration,which ensures the comfort and safety of patients during the change of sitting positions.The nursing bed ensures different leg-splitting angles and automatic hip-plate descent,making it more convenient for defecation.It fully meets the needs of long-term bedridden patients for assisted defecation.