知信行理论指导的空竹运动对轻中度高血压患者动脉弹性及心功能的影响

Effect of diabolo sports guided by the theory of knowledge,belief,and action on arterial elasticity and cardiac function in patients with mild to moderate hypertension

目的探讨以知信行理论为指导的空竹体育运动对轻中度高血压患者动脉弹性及心功能的影响。方法选取2020年2月至2021年6月68例爱好空竹体育运动的轻中度高血压患者(运动组)及同期68例轻中度高血压患者(对照组),两组均给予常规干预,运动组在此基础上给予以知信行理论为指导的空竹体育运动。比较两组干预前后舒张压、收缩压、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、三酰甘油(TG)、肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能(FMD)、脉搏波传导速度(PWV)、颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)、心血管事件风险分级、6 min步行距离(6MWD)、美国纽约心脏病学会心功能分级(NYHA)及安全性。结果两组干预后舒张压、收缩压低于干预前,干预后,运动组舒张压(92.34±4.25)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)、收缩压(124.66±4.57)mmHg,均低于对照组舒张压(98.47±3.66)mmHg、收缩压(135.92±3.01)mmHg,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。运动组干预后TC、LDL-C、TG低于干预前,干预后,运动组TC、LDL-C、TG为(5.04±0.63)mmol/L、(3.22±0.48)mmol/L、(1.29±0.31)mmol/L,均低于对照组(5.59±0.79)mmol/L、(3.79±0.61)mmol/L、(1.70±0.42)mmol/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。运动组干预后HDL-C高于干预前,干预后,运动组HDL-C(1.29±0.20)mmol/L,高于对照组(1.04±0.18)mmol/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。运动组干预后FMD高于干预前,干预后,运动组FMD(12.85±1.57)%,高于对照组(10.36±1.25)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。运动组干预后PWV、IMT低于干预前,干预后,运动组PWV、IMT(12.11±0.66)m/s、(1.03±0.19)mm,均低于对照组(13.75±0.87)m/s、(1.14±0.27)mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。运动组干预后中、高危险度患者数量少于干预前,干预后,运动组中、高危险度为12例(18.75%)、2例(3.13%),均低于对照组21例(32.31%)、14例(21.54%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。运动组干预后6MWD高于干预前,干预后,运动组6MWD(459.83±55.95)m,高于对照组(432.06±59.28)m,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论以知信行理论为指导的空竹体育运动能有效降低轻中度高血压患者的血压水平,改善患者血脂代谢、动脉弹性,缓解动脉粥样硬化情况,增强心肺功能,降低心血管事件风险,安全性高。

Objective To explore the effects of diabolo sports guided by the theory of knowledge,belief,and action on arterial elasticity and cardiac function in patients with mild to moderate hypertension.Methods From February 2020 to June 2021,68 patients with mild to moderate hypertension who were fond of diabolo sports(exercise group)and 68 patients with mild to moderate hypertension during the same period(control group)were selected.Both groups received routine intervention,and the exercise group received diabolo sports guided by the theory of knowledge,belief,and action.The diastolic blood pressure,systolic blood pressure,total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),triacylglycerol(TG),brachial artery endothelial dependent diastolic function(FMD),pulse wave conduction velocity(PWV),carotid intima-media thickness(IMT),cardiovascular event risk classification,6-minute walking distance(6MWD),New York Heart Association cardiac function classification(NYHA),and safety between the two groups before and after intervention were compared.Results After intervention,the diastolic and systolic blood pressure in the two groups were lower than before intervention,and the exercise group was lower than the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05);After intervention,the diastolic blood pressure(92.34±4.25)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133 kPa)and systolic blood pressure(124.66±4.57)mmHg in the exercise group were lower than those in the control group(98.47±3.66)mmHg and (135.92±3.01)mmHg.After intervention,TC,LDL-C,and TG in the exercise group were lower than before intervention and lower than those in the control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05);After intervention,the TC,LDL-C,and TG levels in the exercise group were(5.04±0.63)mmol/L,(3.22±0.48)mmol/L,and(1.29±0.31)mmol/L,all lower than those in the control group(5.59±0.79)mmol/L,(3.79±0.61)mmol/L,and(1.70±0.42)mmol/L.After intervention,the HDL-C of the exercise group was higher than before intervention and higher than that of the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05);After intervention,the HDL-C in the exercise group was(1.29±0.20)mmol/L,which was higher than that in the control group(1.04±0.18)mmol/L.The FMD of the exercise group after intervention was higher than before intervention and higher than that of the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05);After intervention,the FMD in the exercise group was(12.85±1.57)%,higher than that in the control group(10.36±1.25)%.After intervention,the PWV and IMT in the exercise group were lower than before intervention and lower than those in the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05);After intervention,the PWV and IMT of the exercise group were(12.11±0.66)m/s and(1.03±0.19)mm,which were lower than those of the control group(13.75±0.87)m/s and(1.14±0.27)mm.The number of patients with moderate to high risk after intervention in the exercise group was less than before intervention and less than in the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05);After intervention,the medium and high risk rates in the exercise group were 12(18.75%)and 2(3.13%),both lower than those in the control group of 21(32.31%)and 14(21.54%).After intervention,the 6MWD of the exercise group was higher than before intervention and higher than that of the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).After intervention,the exercise group had a 6MWD of(459.83±55.95)m,which was higher than the control group(432.06±59.28)m.Conclusion Diabolo sports guided by the theory of knowledge,belief and action can effectively reduce the blood pressure level of patients with mild to moderate hypertension,improve blood lipid metabolism and arterial elasticity,alleviate atherosclerosis,enhance cardiopulmonary function,reduce the risk of cardiovascular events,and have high safety.